摘要
郑玄的"六天"说是由昊天与五帝构成,而天、帝乃是天的不同指称方式:天言天之体,而帝言天之德。在五帝中又可区分对一朝一代而言的上帝,这种上帝其实是感生帝与受命帝,上帝尊于其他四帝,而祭于南郊。由此天被区分为昊天、上帝与五帝三个层次,三个层次对应着三种配天之祭,即祭祀昊天的圆丘礼、祭祀上帝的郊祀礼、总祭五帝的明堂礼。这三种配天的大祭同谓之"禘",其祭祀的主体是王者,受祭的则是天帝,配享的则是有功德的先帝与先王。三种配天之禘结合成为一个结构整体,在家天下的架构下,它成为神圣家族从感生到受命昭示政治正当性的典礼;也是通过时王与天帝、时王与人鬼的显性关系建构时王与诸侯、臣民之间的隐性关系的方式。
Zheng Xuan＇s doctrine of＂Six Heavens＂consisted of the Heavens and Five Emperors and both of them were simply different forms of reference to the Heaven,the Heavens referring to its forms and the Emperors to morals in the world. Besides,the Five Emperors were again classified into the Supreme Emperor corresponding to a particular dynasty,who was actually the Heaven-inherited Emperor and Heaven-authorized Emperor and thus superior to other four Emperors and worshipped in the south suburbs of the capital. As a result,the Heaven was divided into the Heavens,Supreme Emperor and Five Emperors. And the three classifications corresponded to three heavenly sacrifices,that is,the winter-solstice sacrifice to the Heavens,suburban sacrifice to the Supreme Emperor and general palace sacrifice to the Five Emperors. All these three sacrifices were mentioned as imperial sacrifices for the subject of sacrifices was the emperor,the sacrificed were heavenly emperors and the benefitted were the late noble-moral emperors. The three heavenly sacrifices were combined into an integrate system and became the ceremony symbolizing the political legitimacy of the divine heaven-inherited and heaven-authorized family under the framework of family state. In addition,these sacrifices aimed to establish the internal relationship between current emperor,lords,and subjects by means of the external relationship between current emperor and Heavenly Emperors and current emperor and men and ghosts.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期86-111,共26页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(15FZX005)
关键词
郑玄
“六天”说
禘礼
圆丘礼
郊祀礼
明堂礼
Zheng Xuan
the doctrine of ＂Six Heavens＂
imperial sacrifice
winter-solstice sacrifice
suburban sacrifice
palace sacrifice
