摘要
本文对栽培番茄与野生秘鲁番茄(Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill.)的有性杂交及其F_1与双亲回交的受精过程及胚胎发育情况进行了研究。 在栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄、栽培番茄×(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)、栽培番茄×[(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)×秘鲁番茄,BC_1F_4 ]的情况下,父本的花粉均可在栽培番茄的柱头上萌发,花粉管进入胚囊,并可能发生双受精作用,单受精作用或受精过程失败。杂种胚发育滞缓,长时间停留在球形胚阶段,很难进一步分化,并时常出现败育;杂种胚乳的发育仅在最初阶段形成若干游离核,到授粉后约12d时,胚乳游离核完全退化,随后珠被绒毡层(Endothelium)细胞增生而将胚囊填满,最后胚及珠被绒毡层细胞也全部退化,胚囊成为空腔。 在(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)×秘鲁番茄的情况下,受精过程和胚胎发育缓慢,在一些胚囊内,会出现胚乳解体退化及珠被绒毡层细胞增生的现象,但在部分胚囊中也有正常发育的胚及胚乳。 当栽培番茄×[栽培番茄×(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)],BC_2F_2自交时,胚胎发育过程基本正常,但较栽培番茄自交时缓慢。
Studies were made on the fusion processes of female amd male gametes as well as the embryo and endosperm development of five hybrid combinations between L. esculentum and L. perumanum. In the crosses of L. esculentum × L. peruvianum, L. exculentum × (Yue Nong No. 2 × L. peruvmum, F1) and L. esculentum × [ (Yue Nong No. 2 × L. peruvianum, F1) × L. peruvianum, BC1F4].the pollen grains of male parents could germinate normally on the stigma of L. esculentum and pollen tubes could grow into the style and enter the embryo sacs. After pollination following observation were obtained that normal fertilization (double fertilization) or abnormal fertilization (single fertilization ) might take place, but some might even fail entirely to fertilize. It has been found that in the majority of cases the development of embryos was slow and stayed long in the stage of globular embryos, thus, the differentiation of the embryos was very difficult and degeneration of the embryos occurred quite often. Hybrid endosperm developed only at the beginning, forming some free nuclei. These free nuclei degenerated completely about 12 days after pollination. The cells of the proliferated endothelium finally filled the embryo sac after endosperm degeneration. Deterioration of the proliferated endothelium finally took place and the embryo sac became empty. The process of fertilization and embryo development was slow in (Yue Nong No. 2 × L. peruvianum, F1) × L. peruvianum. In some cases endosperm degeneration and endothelium proliferation were found, and normal development of embryo and endosperm could be observed only in a few embryo sacs. The development of embryo and endosperm occurring in self pollination of 0719-1× [0719- 1× (Yue Nong No. 2 × L. peruvianum, F1)], BC2F2 showed no signs of abnormality, but was slower as compared with that found in the self-pollination of L. esculentum.
出处
《华南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
1991年第4期29-36,共8页
Journal of South China Agricultural University
关键词
番茄
野生番茄
种间杂交
胚胎发育
Cultivated tomato
Lycoperswon perumanum Mill.
Interspecies cross
Embryo development
