摘要
目前不少种类的动物种质细胞都可在超低温条件下保存 ,随着低温生物学和生殖生物学的不断发展 ,超低温保存技术也在不断发展 ,可以保存的动物种质细胞范围也在不断扩大。但目前超低温保存技术面临的困难和需要解决的问题是如何提高种质细胞冷冻保存的效果 ,寻求最佳冷冻方案 ,降低种质细胞的冷冻损伤 ,进而运用超低温冷冻技术保护物种的多样性。从目前的研究情况来看 ,动物种质细胞超低温保存的常用方法有程序降温法和玻璃化法。防冻剂主要分为渗透性和非渗透性。而冷冻损伤则指由于慢速降温过程中电解质深浓度变化引起的渗透性损伤和快速降温过程中形成的冰晶损伤。就不同种质细胞的冷冻保存在这些方面的研究进展做一综述 ,以供有关研究者参考。
Cryopreservation of animal germplasm is to preserve the germplasm at a very low temperature (-196℃) so that it could survive for a long time because its metabolism was inhibited.Sperm and embryos as well as oocytes of many species were successfully cryopreserved since 1949.The number of species whose germplasm could be cryopreserved is increasing to improvement of the technology of cryobiology.However,there are still problems or difficulties for the cryopreservation of animal germplasm,such as low fertile ability of the germplasm,especially most of mammalian oocytes,after cryopreservation.Further study on the mechanism of cryopreservation,finding a better protocol and reducing the cryoinjury are crucial to cryopreservation of animal germplasm.The present paper describes some of the advances in the cryopreservation and outlines the relative merits and limitations as reference for the researchers in this field.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目!(39170 10 9)
中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重点资助项目!(KZ95 2 -J1-10 9)
中国科学院"西部之光"
