摘要
综述了锂的生物必需性及人体健康效应。锂是有效的情绪稳定剂。随着新的情绪稳定剂的出现 ,对锂治疗的兴趣和研究虽已减少 ,但锂仍是治疗急性躁狂症和躁狂 -抑郁病预防性管理的最有效措施。许多研究证明 ,锂对动物和人具有必需功能或有益作用。动物缺锂可导致寿命缩短、生殖异常、行为改变及其他异常。人类流行病学研究显示 ,饮水锂浓度与精神病住院率、杀人、自杀、抢劫、暴力犯罪和毒品犯罪率呈显著负相关。毒品犯的营养性锂补充研究证明锂有改善和稳定情绪的作用。心脏病人、学习低能者和在押暴力犯发锂含量显著降低。碳酸锂治疗的临床研究表明 ,锂的主要反应器官为胃肠道、肾脏、神经、肌肉、内分泌和心血管系统。在 1 70～ 2 2 8mgLi/d治疗剂量范围内 ,预期的血清锂水平为 0 4～ 0 8mEq/L ( 2 78～ 5 55mg/L) ,无毒性反应。在锂的危险性评估中 ,对治疗剂量采用 1 0倍安全因子对孕妇和胎儿不造成危害 ,这相当于成人每天摄入 2 3mgLi。动物的NOAEL (无毒性作用水平 )为 1 0mgLi/kg/d ,采用 3 2倍安全因子 ,得到日允许摄入量 (ADI)为 0 3 1mgLi/kg/d。基于动物实验数据 ,锂的表观缺乏摄入量为 :山羊 :<1 5mgLi/kg ,大鼠 :<1 5μgLi/kg。人对锂的饮食需要量约为 60～ 1 0 0μg/d ,典型的日摄入量?
A review with 18 references is given on the biological essentiality of lithium and the health effects in humans.Lithium,a metallic element has been known for years to be an effective mood stabilizer.With the recent advent of newer mood stabilizer,research related to lithium treatment have decreased.However,lithium remains the most effective treatment for reducing the frequency and severity of recurrent affective episode in classic manic-depressive illness.Several studies show that lithium has an essential or beneficial action for animal or man.In animal,lithium deficiency reduce the life span and cause reproductive failure,diminished growth,behavioral changes and other abnomalities.The results of epidemiological studies reveal that a statistically significant inverse correlation between lithium concentaation in drinking water and mental hospital admission,homicides,suicide,violent crime,rape and drug- related crime.Nutritional lithium supplement study with former drug users conclude that lithium has a mood-improving and mood-stabilizing effect.The analysis of human hair show that hair lithium levels are low in certain pathological conditions,e g.,heart desease,learning-disabled subjects and incarcerated violent criminals.The effects of lithium on major ogran systems have been well definded from clinical studies in patients treated chronically with lithium carbonate.The major effects include actions on the gastrointestinal,renal,neuromuscular,endocrine and cardiovascular systems.The rapeutic effectiveness is achieved at dose of 170～228 mgLi/d with serum lithium level of 0 4～0 8 mEq/L(2 78～5 55 mgLi/L)without toxicity.For risk assessment purpose,a savety factor of 10 from the human therapeutic dose should adequately protect pregnant woman and the unborn.This corresponds with ingestion of 23 mgLi daily for anult.Based on the animal NOAEL of 10 mgLi/kg and a total uncertain factor of 32,for a 60 kg women,and acceptable daily intake (ADI)of 19 mgLi/d or 0 31 mgLi/kg/d may be established.Analysis of animal experimental data results suggest that an apparent deficient lithium intake is<1 5 mg/kg for goat and <15 mg/kg for rat.If human have a requirement for lithium,it is probably 60～100 μgLi/d.The typical daily dietary intake of lithium is 200～600 μg.Rich sources of lithium include eggs,milk,milk products,processed meat,fish,potatoes and vegetables.
出处
《广东微量元素科学》
CAS
2000年第3期1-16,共16页
Trace Elements Science
关键词
锂
微量元素
生物必需性
健康效应
lithium
trace element
biological essentiality
health effect
