摘要
通过两项眼动实验考察了个体在水平和垂直方向上对点阵数量进行较浅(浏览)和较深(数字比较)程度加工时的数量空间表征联系。结果显示:点阵在水平方向上出现了SNARC效应,且SNARC效应的大小不受加工深浅的影响,而在垂直方向上没有出现SNARC效应。表明(1)点阵数量SNARC效应的稳定性不如阿拉伯数字;(2)方向对点阵SNARC效应的影响更大,加工程度的影响则不明显。结合加工程度、空间方向和点阵数量的自身特征等对研究发现进行了讨论,认为数字的空间表征在多个因素的共同影响下可能呈现出多样性。
Recently, the development of human numerical ability has attracted more and more attention, and a great deal of advance of number processing-specific phenomena has been reported, one of which is the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect （SNARC effect）. Instinctively, number processing is a numerical symbolic operation without additional information. But, in fact, a close relationship between number and space has been found, which demonstrates a dependency of number processing on the spatial character of objects. Some researchers explained that numbers are represented along a horizontally ＂mental number line＂, on which small numbers are on the left of the line, and large numbers are on the right. However, since the SNARC effect was also found on the vertical direction, someone proposed that the spatial representation of numbers is a number map rather than a number line. Furthermore, the SNARC effect was likewise discovered when doing the shallow processing of number （Fischer, 2001; Shen et al., 2006）. Besides, previous studies （e.g., Wood ＆ Willmes, 2005） have found the SNARC effect in many other numerical symbols, such as auditory number words, visual Arabic numeral, and visual number words. However, the SNARC effect of non-symbolic number which is one of the numerical formats has not been studied so far. Although researchers have paid attention to the relationship between the eye movement and cognition in recent 20 years, we still need more eye movement researches in number processing. The present study explored the influence of processing levels on the SNARC effect of dot matrixes by the technique of eye movement. The present study includes two within-subjects design experiments, to study the SNARC effect on the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Experiment 1 investigated the SNARC effect of non-symbolic number, in which participants were asked to response to the detective stimuli （on the left or right） following the irrelevant stimuli （dot matrix） with two different processing levels （deep processing condition and shallow processing condition）. The eye movement response time was recorded respectively for deep processing （the comparison task） and shallow processing （the dice scanning task） to examine whether the SNARC effect appeared or not. The results showed that SNARC effects appeared in both conditions of horizontal dimension, further analysis indicated that the strength of SNARC effects from both processing levels was similar. In Experiment 2, the detective stimuli were represented in vertical dimension, and the tasks were the same to those in experiment 1. We recorded eye movement time for both upward and downward responses. The result showed us that there was no SNARC effect in both conditions. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the SNARC effect of dot matrix was weaker than that of Arabic number, and the processing level almost had no impact on the SNARC of dot number dueling to the interaction of the characteristic of the dice and the direction, while the role of dimension was crucial.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期11-22,共12页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金(批准号:09YJAXLX014)
山东省自然科学基金项目(批准号:ZR2010CM059)
国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:12CYY022)资助
山东省强化建设重点学科"发展与教育心理学"专项经费资助
