摘要
民国时期大学的"中国通史"讲授,有一个从模仿西洋史"上古、中古、近古、近世"的"分期"体系,向"断代"体系逐步演变的过程,最通行的断代方法为"先秦"、"秦汉"、"魏晋南北朝"、"隋唐五代"、"宋辽金元"、"明清"六段。在前一种讲授体系下,由于分期标准难以确定,造成时期划分极端混乱,中西历史对照讲授的目的难以达到,而且由于受西方中心史观的影响,还出现了强分时代乃至割裂历史的弊端。因此,这种讲授体系逐渐被各大学所抛弃,而代之以后者。后一种讲授体系的最终确立,是在分段问题上充分考虑中国自身历史发展特点的结果。其问题主要在于各段历史在实际讲授过程当中,常常不能衔接,造成"通史"事实上"不通"。与通史讲授体系的演变相呼应,通史教科书的编撰,也大体经历了一个从模仿西洋史分期,到依据本国历史发展特点构建本国通史著作体系的演变。这是中国史研究逐渐深入的一个表现。
The teaching of general history of China in universities during the period of Republic of China went through a process from division of historical periods to history divided according to dynasties gradually. Imitating the Western style,the former divided Chinese history into ＂Ancient,Medieval,Early Modern and Modern China＂ respectively. The latter,generally adopting a dynasty division,divided the Chinese history into six periods which were called ＂Pre-Qin,Qin and Han,Wei-Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui-Tang and Five Dynasties,Song-Liao-Jin and Yuan Dynasty,Ming and Qing Dynasty＂ respectively. Since the criteria is hard to be determined,the periodization of the former teaching system is rather confused. Moreover,history has been cut apart sometimes under the influence of Eurocentrism. Under this circumstance,division of historical periods has been replaced gradually by history divided according to dynasties. The final establishment of the latter teaching system resulted from the full consideration of development characteristics of China＇s own history. Along with the evolution of instruction system of Chinese history,the compilation of history textbooks also experienced a change generally from imitating Western style to respecting the characteristics of Chinese history,which reflected the deepening of research on Chinese history.
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第1期56-68,共13页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
教育部全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目"近代中国大学的文史哲学科--一个宏观视野下的微观研究"(199915)
关键词
民国
大学
中国通史
西洋史
分期
断代
Republic of China
universities
general history of China
Western history
periodization
history divided according to dynasties
