摘要
[目的]了解金华市职业病危害现状,为更好的开展职业卫生预防工作提供科学依据。[方法]采用回顾性调查分析方法,对金华市存在职业病危害因素的3714家企业进行调查。干预研究采取对企业负责人和工人开展职业卫生知识宣教,对生产工艺过程和工人防护措施提出改进意见等干预措施,观察干预前后职业病危害因素合格率变化。[结果]存在粉尘危害因素的企业有1566家,化学危害因素的企业1737家,物理危害因素的企业1047家,分别占总数的42.16%、46.77%和28.19%;开展危害因素检测的企业有493家,企业监测覆盖率为13.27%,检测率为17.05%,合格率为79.22%;粉尘、化学危害因素和物理危害因素的检测率分别为45.02%、12.42%和14.28%;接触职业病危害因素有49398人,受检率为49.58%,其中公有制企业38家,受检率为71.87%,非公有制企业3676家,受检率为47.98%。干预后,各监测点的职业病危害因素合格率均有所提高。[结论]我市职业病危害现状为体检率、监测率低。中小企业、私营企业是职业卫生防治工作的重点,应该加强对企业的宣传教育。
[ Objective ] To understand the status of occupational hazards in Jinhua city and provide scientific data for effective prevention of the occupational hazards. [ Methods ] A restrospective study was performed to investigate 3 714 enterprises where occupational disease risk factors existed. The intervention measures were taken such as training the managers and workers with occupational health knowledge, and improving working environment and personal protective measures. [ Results ] Dust existed in 1 566 enterprises, accounted for 42.16%. Occupational chemical hazards existed in 1 725 enterprises, accounted for 46.77%. Occupational physical hazards existed in 1 047 enterprises, accounted for 28.19%. In all investigated enterprises there were 493 （ 13.27% ）carried out occupational health monitoring, with a monitoring rate of 17.05% and pass rate of 79.22%. Monitoring rates of dust, chemical hazards, and physical hazards were 45.02%, 12.42%, and 14.28% respectively. Altogether 49 398 workers were exposed to occupational hazards, only 49.58% of them received physical examination. The examination rate in 38 government owned enterprises was 71.87%, and that in 3 676 private enterprises was only 47.98%. The pass rate of different occupational hazards monitoring raised after intervention mesures conducted. [ Conclusion ] The situation of occupational hazards in our city was low exanimation rate and low monitoring rate. More effort for occupational hazards prevention should be put to private enterprises.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2010年第3期165-167,共3页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
