摘要
本文对现代生物技术的兴起与迅速发展,尤其在作物改良中植物细胞工程和基因工程理论与应用研究国际国内的最新进展进行了综述。提供了植物组织培养技术(包括微体繁殖、病原菌的消除、花药培养、幼胚培养、体细胞无性系变异筛选等)在作物育种中许多实际应用的例证。回顾了植物原生质体培养与原生质体融合在最近几年中的研究进展,指出在提高再生频率、扩大基因型以及融合体筛选方面仍有不少急待解决的问题。植物基因工程研究在目的基因的鉴定、分离和克隆,外源基因载体的开发、外源基因的转化方法等各个方面的迅猛进展使有些产品已获得了商业应用。依据植物生物技术理论与应用研究的现状,作者认为植物生物技术对培养高产、抗病虫害、抗逆、优质的作物新品种有着巨大的潜力和广阔前景,植物生物技术的应用必将使作物育种工作在原有传统技术基础上进一步向精确化、高效化的方向发展。
The current status of plant biotechnology research and its potential applications in cropimprovement arc reviewed in this paper.There are some practical examples for successful util-ization of plant tissue culture techniques in plant breeding,such as micropropagation,pathogen-elimination,anther culture,embryo culture,selection of somaclonal variation,etc.Despite of the achievements in protoplast culture and somatic hybridization of higher plantsobtained in recent years,it has to be pointed out that a series of problems still need to besolved,e.g.,the ways of increasing plant regeneration frequencies from protoplasts,ex-panding the genotypes available for high efficiency regeneration as well as the selection systemof heterokaryons.In the past several years,rapid progress in the major aspects of genetic en-gineering (i.e.,the identification,isolation and cloning of target genes;the exploration ofgene vector and transformation methods) has led to the commercial application of someproducts of genetic engineering.Based on the present development of plant biotechnologyboth in theoretical and applied aspects,the authors highlight its great potentiality in breedingcultivars with higher yields,better quality and stronger resistance and/or tolerance againstdiseases,insects and/or environmental stresses.It is evident that the further development ofbiotechnology will undoubtly increase the preciseness and efficiency of breeding process inaddition to the conventional breeding techniques.
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第3期1-12,共12页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
关键词
生物技术
作物育种
现状
潜力
biotechnology
genetic engineering
tissue culture
crop improvement
