1Kanter.R.M.Changing the shape of work:Reform in academe[J].Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Higher Education. Washington,Dc.1979.
2Clark,Shirley and Darry1 Lewis.Faculty Vitality and Intitutional Productivity[J].Critical Perspectives for Higher Education.Columbia Univ.Press.1985.
3Bland,Carole.J,Bergquist,WiUiam.H.The Vitality of Senior Faculty Members.Snow on he Roof-Fire in the Furnace[D].ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report,Vol.25,No.7,1997.