摘要
目的:了解大学生的压力感受与焦虑、抑郁的关系与社会支持的相关性。方法:于2004-05/06以整群抽样方法对湖州师范学院在读的850名大学生为调查对象,采自编用压力感问卷(包括23个项目,包括学业压力、人际压力、经济压力、就业压力和生活其他压力感5个因素,各因子满分为50分,>40分认为受到该方面压力很大,30为有一定压力)、焦虑自评量表(总分低于50分者为正常;50～60分者为轻度,61～70分者是中度,70分以上者是重度焦虑)、抑郁自评量表(总分低于50分者为正常;50～60分者为轻度,61～70分者是中度,70分以上者是重度)和社会支持感受问卷(10个条目,包括客观支持、主观支持和对社会支持的利用度3个维度)进行测试,将统计数据运用经典的方差分析方法,计算各组数据的相关系数,分析大学生的压力感受与焦虑、抑郁的关系及社会支持的相关性。结果:787份有效问卷均纳入结果分析。①压力问卷测查结果:大学生的压力感受集中体现在学业(333人,占42.3%)和就业(173人,占22.0%),其次是人际(108人,占13.7%)、经济(92人,占11.7%)及生活(环境、情感、家庭)(81人,占10.3%)。②大学生的社会支持、压力感与焦虑、抑郁的相关性:压力感与焦虑、抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.710,0.622;P<0.001);客观支持、主观支持和总社会支持与焦虑、抑郁呈显著负相关(r=-0.592～-0.420;P<0.01～0.001),其中主观支持与焦虑尤为相关(r=-0.592)。结论:大学生生活中的学业压力、人际压力、经济压力、就业压力和生活其他压力是引起焦虑、抑郁的重要相关因素,而社会支持作为个体应对压力的一种主要资源,在一定程度上能缓解心理压力,减少压力带来的不良情绪体验,从而提高大学生个体心理健康水平。
AIM： To investigate the correlations of pressure sense and social support with anxiety and depression in university students. METHODS： Between May and June 2004, totally 850 undergraduates of Huzhou Teachers＇College were surveyed by means of cluster sampling with the self-designed pressure sense questionnaire （consisted of 23 items, including 5 factors of pressures of learning, communication, finance, job hunting and life; The total score of each factor was 50 points, 〉 40 points was taken as suffered from great pressure from the aspect, 30 points as certain pressure）, self-rating anxiety scale （total score lower than 50 points was taken as normal, 50 to 60 points as mild, 61 to 70 as moderate, higher than 70 points as severe anxiety）, self-rating depression scale （total score lower than 50 points was taken as normal, 50 to 60 points as mild, 61 to 70 as moderate, higher than 70 points as severe depression） and social support perception feeling questionnaire （consisted of 10 items, including 3 dimensions of objective support, subjective support and utility of social support）. The correlation coefficient of the data in each group was calculated with the method of classic analysis of variance; The correlations pressure sense with anxiety, depression and social support in university students were analyzed. RESULTS： A total of 787 valid questionnaires were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of pressure questionnaire： The pressure sense of university students concentratively manifested in learning （333 cases, 42.3%） and job hunting （173 cases, 22.0%）, followed by communication （108 cases, 13.7%）, finance （92 cases, 11.7%） and life （environment, emotion, family） （81 cases, 10.3%）. ② Associations of social support and pressure sense with anxiety and depression in university students： Pressure sense had significant positive correlation with anxiety and depression （r=0.710, 0.622, P 〈 0.001）; Objective support, subjective support and total social support were significantly and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression （r=-0.592 to -0.420, P 〈 0.01 to 0.001）, the association between subjective support and anxiety was more obvious （r=-0.592）. CONCLUSION： In university students, pressures from learning, communication, finance, job hunting and other aspects of life are the important related factors, which can lead to anxiety and depression; But as a kind of main source for individual to cope with pressure, social support can relieve psychological pressure, reduce the adverse emotional experience caused by pressure to a certain extent, and then it can improve the individual mental health level of university students.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第24期80-81,共2页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
基金
2004年湖州师范学院科研基金项目(RX30007)~~
