摘要
目的分离提纯黄果茄果实灭螺的有效成分,观察灭螺效果,并确定其分子结构.方法将黄果茄果实去蒂去籽后干燥粉碎,用95%乙醇提取并浓缩,然后加乙酸乙酯处理,用薄层层析法(TLC)和柱层析法(CCL)对其进行分离,得到7种主要组份.采用'浸泡法'对其中4种含量较高的组分进行灭钉螺实验,确证Rf=0.58这一生物碱组分(A)为主要灭螺成分之一.选择最佳洗脱剂对灭螺效果最好组分A进行分离,得到A1及A2两组分.对A1,A2进行灭钉螺实验,比较其灭螺效果.电子轰击质谱测定有效成分分子量、核磁共振仪和红外光谱仪测定分子结构.结果黄果茄果实有效成分A(Rf=0.58)的灭螺效果较好,当投药量为2.50 mg/L,钉螺的死亡率为94.2%(28℃).乙酸乙酯-氯仿-甲醇(11∶11∶35)系统对A的分离效果最好.灭螺对照实验发现:当A2投药量为0.20 mg/L,钉螺的死亡率为100.0%(28 ℃),其分子量为867,熔点为298～305 ℃.结论黄果茄有效成分提纯物 A2为边缘茄碱(α-solamarrgine),其对湖北钉螺有很好的杀灭效果.
Objective To extract and purify the active component from Solanurn xanthocar purn for Oncorndania snail control, evaluate its effect against the snails and determine its chemical structure. Methods Pedicel and seed were moved and the remaining part of the Solanum xanthocarpum fruit was torrefied and ground into powder. The powder was soaked into 95 % ethanol and extracted. The residue was treated by ethyl acetate. 7 components were separated by methods of thin layer chromatography （TLC） and column chromatography （CCL）. 4 main components were observed for the effect of snailkilling by immersion method. An alkaloid with Rf=0.58, named as component A, was confirmed as one of the effective components for Oncomelania snail control. The component A was further purified and received A1 and A2 by proper elusion, and their effect was re-tested. The molecular weight and chemical structure of A2 were determined by MS, NMR and IR respectively. Results The death rate of Oncornelania snails was 94.2% when the concentration of component A was 2.50 mg/L （28℃）. The flow liquid system （ethyl acetate： chloroform： methanol = 11 ： 11∶ 35） applied was the best reagent for separating component A. The death rate of Oncornelania snails in solution of A2 （0.2 mg/L） was 100% （28 ℃ ）. The molecular weight of A2 was 867 with an mp 298—305 ℃, Conclusion The effective agent （A2） ,one of the active components from the fruit of Solanurn xanthocarpum, is α-solamarrgine which shows an excellent effect in killing Oncomelania snails.
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期206-208,共3页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
基金
湖北省卫生厅血防专项基金资助项目(鄂血咨字2003-04)~~
关键词
黄果茄
杀软体动物约
湖北钉螺
Solanum xanthocarpum
Molluscacides
Oncomelania hupensis
