On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in November 28 to December 27, 1998 cruise, the calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is made by using the P-vector method, in combination with SSH data...On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in November 28 to December 27, 1998 cruise, the calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is made by using the P-vector method, in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of winter circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al., 1982; Yuan and Su, 1992) is used to simulate numerically the winter circulation in the SCS. The following results have been obtained. (1) The main characteristics of the circulation systems in the central SCS are as follows: A coastal southward jet in winter is present at the western boundary near the coast of Vietnam; there is a stronger cyclonic circulation with a larger horizontal scale east of this coastal southward jet and west of 114°E; there is a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation in the central part of eastern SCS; there is a stronger and northeastward flow opposing the northeasterly monsoon between above a stronger cyclonic circulation and a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation. (2) The circulation systems in the northern SCS are as follows: 1) There is a cyclonic circulation system northwest of Luzon, and it has three centers of the cold water; 2) There is an anti-cyclonic eddy. Its center is located near(20°N, 116°40' E); 3)There is a warm and anti-cyclonic circulation south of Hainan Island; 4) There is a northeastward flow, the South China Sea Warm Current, in winter off Guangdong coast in the northern SCS. (3) In the southern SCS there is an anti-cyclonic circulation, and also there is a smaller scale cold water and cyclonic eddy. (4) The above pattern of winter circulation in the SCS agrees qualitatively with the horizontal distribution of temperature at 200 m level. (5) The dynamical mechanism which produces the above basic pattern of winter circulation is because of the following two causes: 1) The joint effect of the baroclinity and relief (JEBAR) is an essential dynamical cause; 2) The interaction between the wind stress and bottom topographic (IBWT) under the strong northeasterly monsoon is the next important dynamical mechanism. (6) Comparing the hydrographic structure and the horizontal distribution of velocity with the SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis in the SCS during December of 1998, it is found that they agree qualitatively.展开更多
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高...应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高度低、风速小,导致大气水平和垂直扩散能力差。850 h Pa弱上升和700 h Pa弱下沉,造成高空干洁大气和地面"脏"空气对峙的局面,垂直交换停滞是雾-霾和污染持续的根本原因。(2)强冷空气驱散雾-霾的过程,正是打破了空气垂直交换停滞的状态,使得高空清洁大气能够下沉到地面。空气质量的根本改善由垂直交换完成。(3)弱冷空气伴随的弱下沉运动和锋面附近整层上升运动能够减轻污染。(4)冷锋过后剧烈下降的地面露点温度即是高空干洁大气到达地面的标志。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China under contract No.G 1999043805.
文摘On the basis of hydrographic data obtained in November 28 to December 27, 1998 cruise, the calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is made by using the P-vector method, in combination with SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis. For study of the dynamical mechanism, which causes the pattern of winter circulation in the SCS, the diagnostic model (Yuan et al., 1982; Yuan and Su, 1992) is used to simulate numerically the winter circulation in the SCS. The following results have been obtained. (1) The main characteristics of the circulation systems in the central SCS are as follows: A coastal southward jet in winter is present at the western boundary near the coast of Vietnam; there is a stronger cyclonic circulation with a larger horizontal scale east of this coastal southward jet and west of 114°E; there is a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation in the central part of eastern SCS; there is a stronger and northeastward flow opposing the northeasterly monsoon between above a stronger cyclonic circulation and a weaker anti-cyclonic circulation. (2) The circulation systems in the northern SCS are as follows: 1) There is a cyclonic circulation system northwest of Luzon, and it has three centers of the cold water; 2) There is an anti-cyclonic eddy. Its center is located near(20°N, 116°40' E); 3)There is a warm and anti-cyclonic circulation south of Hainan Island; 4) There is a northeastward flow, the South China Sea Warm Current, in winter off Guangdong coast in the northern SCS. (3) In the southern SCS there is an anti-cyclonic circulation, and also there is a smaller scale cold water and cyclonic eddy. (4) The above pattern of winter circulation in the SCS agrees qualitatively with the horizontal distribution of temperature at 200 m level. (5) The dynamical mechanism which produces the above basic pattern of winter circulation is because of the following two causes: 1) The joint effect of the baroclinity and relief (JEBAR) is an essential dynamical cause; 2) The interaction between the wind stress and bottom topographic (IBWT) under the strong northeasterly monsoon is the next important dynamical mechanism. (6) Comparing the hydrographic structure and the horizontal distribution of velocity with the SSH data from TOPEX/ERS-2 analysis in the SCS during December of 1998, it is found that they agree qualitatively.
文摘应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高度低、风速小,导致大气水平和垂直扩散能力差。850 h Pa弱上升和700 h Pa弱下沉,造成高空干洁大气和地面"脏"空气对峙的局面,垂直交换停滞是雾-霾和污染持续的根本原因。(2)强冷空气驱散雾-霾的过程,正是打破了空气垂直交换停滞的状态,使得高空清洁大气能够下沉到地面。空气质量的根本改善由垂直交换完成。(3)弱冷空气伴随的弱下沉运动和锋面附近整层上升运动能够减轻污染。(4)冷锋过后剧烈下降的地面露点温度即是高空干洁大气到达地面的标志。
