In the White sturgeon fish farms, some individuals have difficulty in getting access to food: such sturgeons are called "runts", and they result in a slower growth rate than normally feeding fish. In this pa...In the White sturgeon fish farms, some individuals have difficulty in getting access to food: such sturgeons are called "runts", and they result in a slower growth rate than normally feeding fish. In this paper, we have studied the gut peculiarities of runt sturgeons. Utilizing in paralleling an analysis of diatom populations in both the fish gut tissues and the rearing tank waters, we hypothesized a causative relation between the occurrence of runt sturgeons and periodic diatom blooms. In fact, we have observed that the diatom species identified in the aquatic environment were also detected in organs (Fragilaria spp and Rhoicosfenia spp for both glandular body, mid-intestine) of the runt sturgeon's gut, but not in tissues of normally feeding individuals. Owing to their siliceous wall, diatoms can be responsible for areas of epithetlial detachment in the mucosal surfaces of the alimentary canal and a catharral inflammation in both the gastric pits and intestinal folds which may be the cause of secondary bacterial diseases. We suggest that diatom blooms may contribute to the occurrence of runt sturgeons in the studied Italian fish farm.展开更多
To clarify the species status of sturgeon from rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, eight molecular markers (4 nuclear and 4 mitochondrial) have been analysed in different specimens from historical museum samples and preh...To clarify the species status of sturgeon from rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, eight molecular markers (4 nuclear and 4 mitochondrial) have been analysed in different specimens from historical museum samples and prehistoric samples from archaeological sites. These analyses indicate that one of these specimens (UGP captured in the Guadalquivir River in the 19th century) is A. sturio, based on all the eight molecular markers, four of them used from the first time in this study. In previous analyses based on 5 genetic markers, our group assigned two specimens captured in this river in the 1970-80s (EBD8173 and EBD8401) to the species A. naccarii, suggesting the presence of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, this conclusion is drawn after successfully obtaining a mitochondrial marker in a very old scute from a prehistoric site (Acinipo, about 1500 BC, from the Guadalquivir River basin). On the other hand, in the specimen EBD8174 captured in the Guadalquivir in 1975, we have obtained two new mitochondrial markers confirming that it can be considered A. sturio for all the mitochondrial markers, but nuclear ones identify it as A. naccarii. Finally, two very old samples (Nerja E-VI and Nerja N/62-63) were not successfully characterized by any molecular markers. Some aspects and consequences of our results are discussed, such as the origin of the “mosaic” specimen EBD8174 and, above all, the native status of A. naccarii in historic and prehistoric times in the southern Iberian Peninsula.展开更多
该研究以西伯利亚鲟鱼、史氏鲟鱼和海博瑞鲟鱼的肝脏铁蛋白为实验材料,成功分离纯化出3种鲟鱼肝脏铁蛋白(liver ferritin of Sturgeon,SLF),分别命名为SLF-1、SLF-2和SLF-3。通过电泳、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope...该研究以西伯利亚鲟鱼、史氏鲟鱼和海博瑞鲟鱼的肝脏铁蛋白为实验材料,成功分离纯化出3种鲟鱼肝脏铁蛋白(liver ferritin of Sturgeon,SLF),分别命名为SLF-1、SLF-2和SLF-3。通过电泳、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)以及氨基酸组成分析等方法,系统研究了这3种鲟鱼肝脏铁蛋白的结构和理化特性,并进行生物学信息分析,比较了它们的异同点。结果表明,SLF-1、SLF-2和SLF-3在TEM图中均表现为粒径分布均匀、外径约为12 nm的圆形颗粒;FTIR光谱分析表明,3种蛋白整体二级结构相似,但SLF-2的α螺旋的含量较低,仅为52.79%;此外,3种蛋白的总氨基酸含量均超过600 mg/g,其中,SLF-1的含量最高,SLF-3的含量最低;生物学信息分析进一步表明,SLF-1、SLF-2和SLF-3均为亲水性蛋白,属于非分泌蛋白,其亚基结构均包含4个反向平行的α螺旋,在维持蛋白结构稳定和生物体内铁平衡方面发挥重要作用。该研究为鲟鱼肝脏铁蛋白的加工与利用提供了重要的理论依据。展开更多
本研究旨在探讨鲟鱼子酱对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)诱导的免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用。以ICR(Institute of Cancer Research,ICR)小鼠为试验对象,腹腔注射CTX建立免疫低下模型,随后对免疫低下小鼠投喂添加低(4.2 g/kg)、中(8.4 ...本研究旨在探讨鲟鱼子酱对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)诱导的免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用。以ICR(Institute of Cancer Research,ICR)小鼠为试验对象,腹腔注射CTX建立免疫低下模型,随后对免疫低下小鼠投喂添加低(4.2 g/kg)、中(8.4 g/kg)、高(16.8 g/kg)剂量杂交鲟鱼子酱的鼠粮,对照组投喂不添加鱼子酱的鼠粮,为期30 d。通过H&E染色观察小鼠肠组织形态,并检测小鼠免疫器官指数、免疫细胞活力、免疫酶活和免疫因子表达水平。结果表明,与模型组相比,鱼子酱添加高剂量组能提升小鼠日采食量、体重,缓解小鼠肠绒毛损伤;高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠脾脏和胸腺器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力和增殖活性显著提高了31.1%、40.1%和25.2%、48.5%(P<0.05),高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖活性极显著提高了32.9%、50.9%(P<0.01);中剂量鱼子酱将小鼠乳酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活力显著增加了33%、13.4%(P<0.05),高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠溶菌酶含量极显著提高了53.4%(P<0.01);高剂量鱼子酱显著提升了小鼠脾脏免疫细胞因子白介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素-12(Interleukin-12,IL-12)和肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的mRNA表达水平,分别提升了86.9%、86.1%和91.5%(P<0.05),低剂量鱼子酱将白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)的mRNA表达水平显著提高了64.5%(P<0.05);此外,高剂量鱼子酱显著促进小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-12和TNF-α的分泌(P<0.05),分别上升了52.1%、30.6%和5%,中剂量鱼子酱将小鼠IL-6的分泌极显著提升了57.8%(P<0.01)。综上,鱼子酱能够减轻CTX诱导的小鼠肠道损伤,有利于肠绒毛的恢复,增强了CTX抑制的细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异性免疫,从而增强机体的免疫调节能力。展开更多
文摘In the White sturgeon fish farms, some individuals have difficulty in getting access to food: such sturgeons are called "runts", and they result in a slower growth rate than normally feeding fish. In this paper, we have studied the gut peculiarities of runt sturgeons. Utilizing in paralleling an analysis of diatom populations in both the fish gut tissues and the rearing tank waters, we hypothesized a causative relation between the occurrence of runt sturgeons and periodic diatom blooms. In fact, we have observed that the diatom species identified in the aquatic environment were also detected in organs (Fragilaria spp and Rhoicosfenia spp for both glandular body, mid-intestine) of the runt sturgeon's gut, but not in tissues of normally feeding individuals. Owing to their siliceous wall, diatoms can be responsible for areas of epithetlial detachment in the mucosal surfaces of the alimentary canal and a catharral inflammation in both the gastric pits and intestinal folds which may be the cause of secondary bacterial diseases. We suggest that diatom blooms may contribute to the occurrence of runt sturgeons in the studied Italian fish farm.
文摘To clarify the species status of sturgeon from rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, eight molecular markers (4 nuclear and 4 mitochondrial) have been analysed in different specimens from historical museum samples and prehistoric samples from archaeological sites. These analyses indicate that one of these specimens (UGP captured in the Guadalquivir River in the 19th century) is A. sturio, based on all the eight molecular markers, four of them used from the first time in this study. In previous analyses based on 5 genetic markers, our group assigned two specimens captured in this river in the 1970-80s (EBD8173 and EBD8401) to the species A. naccarii, suggesting the presence of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, this conclusion is drawn after successfully obtaining a mitochondrial marker in a very old scute from a prehistoric site (Acinipo, about 1500 BC, from the Guadalquivir River basin). On the other hand, in the specimen EBD8174 captured in the Guadalquivir in 1975, we have obtained two new mitochondrial markers confirming that it can be considered A. sturio for all the mitochondrial markers, but nuclear ones identify it as A. naccarii. Finally, two very old samples (Nerja E-VI and Nerja N/62-63) were not successfully characterized by any molecular markers. Some aspects and consequences of our results are discussed, such as the origin of the “mosaic” specimen EBD8174 and, above all, the native status of A. naccarii in historic and prehistoric times in the southern Iberian Peninsula.
文摘本研究旨在探讨鲟鱼子酱对环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CTX)诱导的免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用。以ICR(Institute of Cancer Research,ICR)小鼠为试验对象,腹腔注射CTX建立免疫低下模型,随后对免疫低下小鼠投喂添加低(4.2 g/kg)、中(8.4 g/kg)、高(16.8 g/kg)剂量杂交鲟鱼子酱的鼠粮,对照组投喂不添加鱼子酱的鼠粮,为期30 d。通过H&E染色观察小鼠肠组织形态,并检测小鼠免疫器官指数、免疫细胞活力、免疫酶活和免疫因子表达水平。结果表明,与模型组相比,鱼子酱添加高剂量组能提升小鼠日采食量、体重,缓解小鼠肠绒毛损伤;高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠脾脏和胸腺器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力和增殖活性显著提高了31.1%、40.1%和25.2%、48.5%(P<0.05),高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖活性极显著提高了32.9%、50.9%(P<0.01);中剂量鱼子酱将小鼠乳酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活力显著增加了33%、13.4%(P<0.05),高剂量鱼子酱将小鼠溶菌酶含量极显著提高了53.4%(P<0.01);高剂量鱼子酱显著提升了小鼠脾脏免疫细胞因子白介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素-12(Interleukin-12,IL-12)和肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的mRNA表达水平,分别提升了86.9%、86.1%和91.5%(P<0.05),低剂量鱼子酱将白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)的mRNA表达水平显著提高了64.5%(P<0.05);此外,高剂量鱼子酱显著促进小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-12和TNF-α的分泌(P<0.05),分别上升了52.1%、30.6%和5%,中剂量鱼子酱将小鼠IL-6的分泌极显著提升了57.8%(P<0.01)。综上,鱼子酱能够减轻CTX诱导的小鼠肠道损伤,有利于肠绒毛的恢复,增强了CTX抑制的细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异性免疫,从而增强机体的免疫调节能力。
