Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associa...Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associated with increased fluoride anion distribution in the body,leading to hypertension.AIM This study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of sweet orange peels-enriched white melon seed protein concentrate(WSP)biscuit meal in eight-week-old albino rats exposed to NaF for 14 days.METHODS Forty-two(42)male Wistar albino rats were assigned at random into 7 groups of 6 rats per group(control group and six experimental groups).The experimental groups received various treatments that lasted for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,hemodynamic parameters were evaluated,rats were sacrificed,blood samples were collected,and the heart was harvested.Blood serum was assessed for cardiac troponin I(cTnI),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).At the same time,the heart homogenate was assayed for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme(ACE)activity,proinflammatory cytokines,nitric oxide concentrations,and antioxidant status.Cardiac tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin,Masson’s Trichrome,and cTnI.Also,the safety of the WSP biscuit diet was evaluated.RESULTS Results obtained showed that NaF administration elevated the collagen content of cardiac tissues,activities of ACE,and concentrations of cTnI,CK-MB,LDH,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin 1 beta,while there was a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide and antioxidants;however,their alterations were significantly prevented in WSP-biscuit-fed rats.The WSP biscuit meal is safe for consumption and possesses dose-dependent antihypertensive ability at 10%and 20%inclusion.CONCLUSION The WSP biscuit diet may be recommended in diet formulation for the management of individuals or communities that are predisposed to NaF contaminations.展开更多
Melon seed oil cake(MSOC),as the secondary by-product from melon seed oil pressing process,has high potential nutritional value.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of incorporating MSOC as wheat flour subst...Melon seed oil cake(MSOC),as the secondary by-product from melon seed oil pressing process,has high potential nutritional value.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of incorporating MSOC as wheat flour substitute and its particle size on bread quality;three particle size fractions of MSOC(coarse,medium,and fine)and two substitution levels(3 and 6%,w/w)were employed.Functional properties and colour of different particle sizes of MSOC were assessed,and the physical properties of bread made with MSOC were explored and compared to control bread(100%wheat flour).Results showed that bread made with 3%MSOC had relatively satisfactory quality in terms of spe-cific volume(2.64–2.86 mL/g),hardness(14.31–15.04 N)compared to the control bread(specific volume 2.79 mL/g and hardness 13.87 N).Bread made with fine particle size of MSOC(2.64 mL/g and 15.04 N at 3%substitution level;2.44 mL/g and 16.03 N at 6%substitution level)had lower specific volume and higher hardness values than the bread made with medium(2.80 mL/g and 14.31 N at 3%substitution level;2.50 mL/g and 15.50 N at 6%substitution level)and coarse(2.86 mL/g and 14.72 N at 3%substitution level;2.52 mL/g and 15.12 N at 6%substitution level)particle sizes of MSOC.These results indicate that using 3%MSOC with larger particle size could be more suitable for making bread with relatively satisfactory quality.Overall,MSOC could be re-introduced into food chain as ingredient for bread production,which offers possibilities to develop novel sustainable foods.Future work will be conducted on sensory quality and consumer acceptance to provide a desirable quality of bread.展开更多
In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% ...In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.展开更多
文摘Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associated with increased fluoride anion distribution in the body,leading to hypertension.AIM This study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of sweet orange peels-enriched white melon seed protein concentrate(WSP)biscuit meal in eight-week-old albino rats exposed to NaF for 14 days.METHODS Forty-two(42)male Wistar albino rats were assigned at random into 7 groups of 6 rats per group(control group and six experimental groups).The experimental groups received various treatments that lasted for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,hemodynamic parameters were evaluated,rats were sacrificed,blood samples were collected,and the heart was harvested.Blood serum was assessed for cardiac troponin I(cTnI),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).At the same time,the heart homogenate was assayed for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme(ACE)activity,proinflammatory cytokines,nitric oxide concentrations,and antioxidant status.Cardiac tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin,Masson’s Trichrome,and cTnI.Also,the safety of the WSP biscuit diet was evaluated.RESULTS Results obtained showed that NaF administration elevated the collagen content of cardiac tissues,activities of ACE,and concentrations of cTnI,CK-MB,LDH,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin 1 beta,while there was a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide and antioxidants;however,their alterations were significantly prevented in WSP-biscuit-fed rats.The WSP biscuit meal is safe for consumption and possesses dose-dependent antihypertensive ability at 10%and 20%inclusion.CONCLUSION The WSP biscuit diet may be recommended in diet formulation for the management of individuals or communities that are predisposed to NaF contaminations.
文摘Melon seed oil cake(MSOC),as the secondary by-product from melon seed oil pressing process,has high potential nutritional value.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of incorporating MSOC as wheat flour substitute and its particle size on bread quality;three particle size fractions of MSOC(coarse,medium,and fine)and two substitution levels(3 and 6%,w/w)were employed.Functional properties and colour of different particle sizes of MSOC were assessed,and the physical properties of bread made with MSOC were explored and compared to control bread(100%wheat flour).Results showed that bread made with 3%MSOC had relatively satisfactory quality in terms of spe-cific volume(2.64–2.86 mL/g),hardness(14.31–15.04 N)compared to the control bread(specific volume 2.79 mL/g and hardness 13.87 N).Bread made with fine particle size of MSOC(2.64 mL/g and 15.04 N at 3%substitution level;2.44 mL/g and 16.03 N at 6%substitution level)had lower specific volume and higher hardness values than the bread made with medium(2.80 mL/g and 14.31 N at 3%substitution level;2.50 mL/g and 15.50 N at 6%substitution level)and coarse(2.86 mL/g and 14.72 N at 3%substitution level;2.52 mL/g and 15.12 N at 6%substitution level)particle sizes of MSOC.These results indicate that using 3%MSOC with larger particle size could be more suitable for making bread with relatively satisfactory quality.Overall,MSOC could be re-introduced into food chain as ingredient for bread production,which offers possibilities to develop novel sustainable foods.Future work will be conducted on sensory quality and consumer acceptance to provide a desirable quality of bread.
文摘In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.
