Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era...Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era of climate change.In the current study,a set of 20 diverse Gossypium hirsutum genotypes were evaluated in two crop seasons with three planting densities and assessed for 11 morphological traits related to early maturity.The study aimed to identify genotype(s)that mature rapidly and accomplish well under diverse environmental conditions based on the two robust multivariate techniques called multi-trait stability index(MTSI)and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI).Results MTSI analysis revealed that out of the 20 genotypes,three genotypes,viz.,NNDC-30,A-2,and S-32 accomplished well in terms of early maturity traits in two seasons.Furthermore,three genotypes were selected using MGIDI method for each planting densities with a selection intensity of 15%.The strengths and weaknesses of the genotypes selected based on MGIDI method highlighted that the breeders could focus on developing early-maturing genotypes with specific traits such as days to first flower and boll opening.The selected genotypes exhibited positive genetic gains for traits related to earliness and a successful harvest during the first and second pickings.However,there were negative gains for traits related to flowering and boll opening.Conclusion The study identified three genotypes exhibiting early maturity and accomplished well under different planting densities.The multivariate methods(MTSI and MGIDI)serve as novel approaches for selecting desired genotypes in plant breeding programs,especially across various growing environments.These methods offer exclusive benefits and can easily construe and minimize multicollinearity issues.展开更多
Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recen...Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recent years. Therefore, in vitro propagation of the chestnut, in addition to the classical propagation techniques, should be applied. Especially the propogation of the early maturing cultivars and production of the quality chestnuts will provide a better income to the producer. Here, somatic embryo production and regeneration from the immature cotyledons of the early maturing cultivars of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill), Haciibis and Karamehmet, were studied using the somatic embryogenesis, one of the in vitro propagation techniques. To induce the somatic embryogenesis, 168 different combinations were applied to both cultivars. The somatic embryogenesis rate in Haciibis cultivar, in which the interactions were observed among the applications, was found to be 9.9% while it was 11.1% for the Karamehmet cultivar. Dessication, cold treatment, gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and benzyladenine (BA) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications were performed on the regeneration of the somatic embryos, and 40% conversion to plant was obtained with desiccation together with BA + NAA supplementation to the medium.展开更多
The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the s...The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the same soil in one year.However,there was a contradiction between the early maturing and high-yield potential of SSC varieties that restrict SSC development.The ssc varietie s often exhibited premature senescence.Biochemical breeding could be one such solution to this problem.展开更多
The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refre...The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids content.This variety matures in September,Changsha,and has a high fruit setting percentage.Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management,pruning,and flower or fruit thinning in cultivating'Fengyue展开更多
Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average...Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average yield is about 5.25-7.08 t / ha. It has the speciality of early-maturing combined with good quality. Not only the grains of "Zhefu 218" are of excellent cooking, but also of nutritive quality. The flavour of the cooked rice of"Zhefu 218" is considerably better than those of the ordinary rice cultivars here.展开更多
Sweet sorghum has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop.An early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum,KFJT-1,was obtained by carbon ions irradiation of KFJT-CK,a wild plant.In this paper,we evaluate the mutant fr...Sweet sorghum has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop.An early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum,KFJT-1,was obtained by carbon ions irradiation of KFJT-CK,a wild plant.In this paper,we evaluate the mutant from the length and fresh weight of radicle and leaves after seed germination,the growth rate at the elongation stage,and the internodal parameters under field trail condition.The results showed that the seedling growth of KFJT-1 was inhibited by carbon ions irradiation,and the leaf length,the fresh weight of radicle and leaves from KFJT-1 decreased by 15.32%,76.27%,and 27.08%than those of KFJT-CK,respectively.However,the growth rate of KFJT-1 on July 12,July 27 and August 1 increased by 16.19%,59.28%and26.87%,respectively,compared with the KFJT-CK.The stalk diameter,total biomass yield and sugar content of KFJT-1 was higher than those of KFJT-CK,despite that the plant height of KFJT-1 was significantly less than KFJT-CK(P < 0.05).In addition,KFJT-1 differed from KFJT-CK in the internodal length,weight and sugar content.In conclusion,the early-maturity mutant of KFJT-1 will be a promising variety for sweet sorghum industrialization in Gansu province,China.展开更多
Plant height plays an important role in the potential and stability of crop yields and represents one of the most important agronomic traits of wheat. Although more than 30 dwarfing genes have been identified in wheat...Plant height plays an important role in the potential and stability of crop yields and represents one of the most important agronomic traits of wheat. Although more than 30 dwarfing genes have been identified in wheat, only a few are used in wheat breeding, which has narrowed the genetic basis of newly developed varieties. Therefore, continually identifying new dwarfing genes is required to produce improved wheat cultivars. TA001 is a new germplasm line marked by reduced plant height and early maturation, and it was derived from a hybridization between the common wheat Yannong 15 and the Aegilops ventricosa × Aegilops cylindrica amphiploid SDAU18. In this study, cytological observations, agronomic trait examinations, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), multicolor genomic in situ hybridization(mc-GISH), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), SSR analysis and seed storage protein electrophoresis were combined to determine the cytological stability, main agronomic traits, chromosomal constituents and seed storage protein subunits of TA001. Twenty-one bivalents were observed in most of the pollen mother cells at metaphase I(PMCs MI) in TA001, which housed 42 chromosomes, and the chromosomes in most pollen mother cells at anaphase I(PMCs AI)displayed 21/21 segregation. Twenty bivalents plus two univalents were simultaneously observed in most of the PMCs MI of the hybrid F_1 between TA001 and Yannong 15. TA001 possessed all chromosomes from genomes A, B and D except for chromosome 7B, which was replaced by one pair of N-genome chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa. Several pairs of chromosomes in TA001 exhibited different FISH patterns from the equivalent chromosomes in Yannong 15. TA001 housed alien genetic materials from Aegilops ventricosa and Aegilops cylindrica and possessed new glutenin and gliadin subunits specific to SDAU18, as revealed by molecular marker analysis and protein electrophoresis respectively.展开更多
According to the production index of lint cotton yield over 100kg per mu(1/15ha)and the relationship between the climate factors and the distribution of time and space for cottonboll setting in 1985—1990,we establish...According to the production index of lint cotton yield over 100kg per mu(1/15ha)and the relationship between the climate factors and the distribution of time and space for cottonboll setting in 1985—1990,we established a model of cultural techniques of cotton leaf-age-ad-justing-controlling for enhancing early maturity.By utilizing the principle of leaf-age model andthe principle of regulating nutrient distribution with DPC(Mepiquate chloride),the plants weretreated with DPC in proper time.A new type of population plant patterns was set up.It character-ized by high population density,dwarf,high boll weight,bolls near nodes,high energy and lowconsumption,short distance transport of nutrients,high yield and good quality.We put forward aset of management measures,i.e.adjusting boll setting stage,adjusting and controlling boll set-ting structure,stably applying N,increasing P,supplementing plants with K,increasing irrigationefficiency,techniques were applied and demonstrated in large areas in high yield展开更多
Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bankbreeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. （1） Super early maturity. It can normally...Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bankbreeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. （1） Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1400 meters, and it needs 1 650℃ of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. （2） Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg·kg^-1, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. （3） High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. （4） High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. （5） Overall characteristics are good.展开更多
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashan...Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashanica carries genes that accelerate heading and maturity in wheat.Here,we developed three small segment translocation lines(T7NsS-2BL 2BS,T7NsS-1AS 1AL#1,and T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2)along with one additional small segment translocation line(T7NsS-7BS 7BL)through^(60)Co-γ irradiation,identified using genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and liquid chip array analyses.Our findings demonstrated that chromosome 7NsS contained a major early heading date gene,tentatively designated Ehd-7Ns,which was mapped to an approximate31.45 Mb region,corresponding to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A(IWGSC RefSeq v1.0).The T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2 line exhibited no significant yield penalty and possessed superior agronomic traits relative to the other translocation lines in the field,making it a promising pre-breeding donor for breeding early maturing wheat.Furthermore,21 specific Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed based on transcriptome data,enabling effective tracing of alien chromosomal segments carrying this source of Ehd-7Ns in marker-assisted breeding.Collectively,these newly developed translocation lines and specific KASP markers will facilitate the transfer and utilization of favorable genes from P.huashanica chromosome 7Ns in future wheat breeding programs.展开更多
A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-...A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-mature. This varietyonly needs 1550C effective accumulated temperature and can normally maturate in the Bashang Region in Hebei Provinceof Chi na, which can break through the limit zone of millet cultivation and move the cultivation zone northward greatly. (2)Multi-spikes, in addition to the effect tilling at the top, the nodes in the low-middle part also can produce spikes. (3) Sweetstem have high sugar content. The contents of whole-sugar, soluable sugar and deoxidized sugar are 74.8, 200.5, 237.2%higher than the regular varieties respectively. (4) High gross protein content. The content of gross protein is higher thanthe regular varieties by 3.9-30.4%. (5)Changeable grain color. The grain color of super early-mature millet No.1 is red inShijiazhuang, but yellow in the Bashang region. In addition, this variety is characterized by good quality, high yield, andgood synthetic traits展开更多
文摘Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era of climate change.In the current study,a set of 20 diverse Gossypium hirsutum genotypes were evaluated in two crop seasons with three planting densities and assessed for 11 morphological traits related to early maturity.The study aimed to identify genotype(s)that mature rapidly and accomplish well under diverse environmental conditions based on the two robust multivariate techniques called multi-trait stability index(MTSI)and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI).Results MTSI analysis revealed that out of the 20 genotypes,three genotypes,viz.,NNDC-30,A-2,and S-32 accomplished well in terms of early maturity traits in two seasons.Furthermore,three genotypes were selected using MGIDI method for each planting densities with a selection intensity of 15%.The strengths and weaknesses of the genotypes selected based on MGIDI method highlighted that the breeders could focus on developing early-maturing genotypes with specific traits such as days to first flower and boll opening.The selected genotypes exhibited positive genetic gains for traits related to earliness and a successful harvest during the first and second pickings.However,there were negative gains for traits related to flowering and boll opening.Conclusion The study identified three genotypes exhibiting early maturity and accomplished well under different planting densities.The multivariate methods(MTSI and MGIDI)serve as novel approaches for selecting desired genotypes in plant breeding programs,especially across various growing environments.These methods offer exclusive benefits and can easily construe and minimize multicollinearity issues.
文摘Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recent years. Therefore, in vitro propagation of the chestnut, in addition to the classical propagation techniques, should be applied. Especially the propogation of the early maturing cultivars and production of the quality chestnuts will provide a better income to the producer. Here, somatic embryo production and regeneration from the immature cotyledons of the early maturing cultivars of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill), Haciibis and Karamehmet, were studied using the somatic embryogenesis, one of the in vitro propagation techniques. To induce the somatic embryogenesis, 168 different combinations were applied to both cultivars. The somatic embryogenesis rate in Haciibis cultivar, in which the interactions were observed among the applications, was found to be 9.9% while it was 11.1% for the Karamehmet cultivar. Dessication, cold treatment, gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and benzyladenine (BA) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications were performed on the regeneration of the somatic embryos, and 40% conversion to plant was obtained with desiccation together with BA + NAA supplementation to the medium.
文摘The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the same soil in one year.However,there was a contradiction between the early maturing and high-yield potential of SSC varieties that restrict SSC development.The ssc varietie s often exhibited premature senescence.Biochemical breeding could be one such solution to this problem.
文摘The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids content.This variety matures in September,Changsha,and has a high fruit setting percentage.Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management,pruning,and flower or fruit thinning in cultivating'Fengyue
文摘Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average yield is about 5.25-7.08 t / ha. It has the speciality of early-maturing combined with good quality. Not only the grains of "Zhefu 218" are of excellent cooking, but also of nutritive quality. The flavour of the cooked rice of"Zhefu 218" is considerably better than those of the ordinary rice cultivars here.
基金Supported by the director foundation in the youth science foundation of Gansu Province(No.099RJYA012)west China light program(No.0906040XBO)+1 种基金knowledge innovation program(No.KJCX2-YWN34-3 and KJCX2-EW-N05-1)west China action project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y110190XBX)
文摘Sweet sorghum has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop.An early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum,KFJT-1,was obtained by carbon ions irradiation of KFJT-CK,a wild plant.In this paper,we evaluate the mutant from the length and fresh weight of radicle and leaves after seed germination,the growth rate at the elongation stage,and the internodal parameters under field trail condition.The results showed that the seedling growth of KFJT-1 was inhibited by carbon ions irradiation,and the leaf length,the fresh weight of radicle and leaves from KFJT-1 decreased by 15.32%,76.27%,and 27.08%than those of KFJT-CK,respectively.However,the growth rate of KFJT-1 on July 12,July 27 and August 1 increased by 16.19%,59.28%and26.87%,respectively,compared with the KFJT-CK.The stalk diameter,total biomass yield and sugar content of KFJT-1 was higher than those of KFJT-CK,despite that the plant height of KFJT-1 was significantly less than KFJT-CK(P < 0.05).In addition,KFJT-1 differed from KFJT-CK in the internodal length,weight and sugar content.In conclusion,the early-maturity mutant of KFJT-1 will be a promising variety for sweet sorghum industrialization in Gansu province,China.
基金supported by the Provincial Prize Fund for Distinguished Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province(No.BS2011SW053)the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology(No.2015KF06)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering(PCCE-KF-2014-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301397)the Provincial Science&Technology Plan for Colleges in Shandong Province(No.J13LF11)the Project of Domestic Visiting Scholars for Young College Backbone Teachers in Shandong Province
文摘Plant height plays an important role in the potential and stability of crop yields and represents one of the most important agronomic traits of wheat. Although more than 30 dwarfing genes have been identified in wheat, only a few are used in wheat breeding, which has narrowed the genetic basis of newly developed varieties. Therefore, continually identifying new dwarfing genes is required to produce improved wheat cultivars. TA001 is a new germplasm line marked by reduced plant height and early maturation, and it was derived from a hybridization between the common wheat Yannong 15 and the Aegilops ventricosa × Aegilops cylindrica amphiploid SDAU18. In this study, cytological observations, agronomic trait examinations, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), multicolor genomic in situ hybridization(mc-GISH), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), SSR analysis and seed storage protein electrophoresis were combined to determine the cytological stability, main agronomic traits, chromosomal constituents and seed storage protein subunits of TA001. Twenty-one bivalents were observed in most of the pollen mother cells at metaphase I(PMCs MI) in TA001, which housed 42 chromosomes, and the chromosomes in most pollen mother cells at anaphase I(PMCs AI)displayed 21/21 segregation. Twenty bivalents plus two univalents were simultaneously observed in most of the PMCs MI of the hybrid F_1 between TA001 and Yannong 15. TA001 possessed all chromosomes from genomes A, B and D except for chromosome 7B, which was replaced by one pair of N-genome chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa. Several pairs of chromosomes in TA001 exhibited different FISH patterns from the equivalent chromosomes in Yannong 15. TA001 housed alien genetic materials from Aegilops ventricosa and Aegilops cylindrica and possessed new glutenin and gliadin subunits specific to SDAU18, as revealed by molecular marker analysis and protein electrophoresis respectively.
文摘According to the production index of lint cotton yield over 100kg per mu(1/15ha)and the relationship between the climate factors and the distribution of time and space for cottonboll setting in 1985—1990,we established a model of cultural techniques of cotton leaf-age-ad-justing-controlling for enhancing early maturity.By utilizing the principle of leaf-age model andthe principle of regulating nutrient distribution with DPC(Mepiquate chloride),the plants weretreated with DPC in proper time.A new type of population plant patterns was set up.It character-ized by high population density,dwarf,high boll weight,bolls near nodes,high energy and lowconsumption,short distance transport of nutrients,high yield and good quality.We put forward aset of management measures,i.e.adjusting boll setting stage,adjusting and controlling boll set-ting structure,stably applying N,increasing P,supplementing plants with K,increasing irrigationefficiency,techniques were applied and demonstrated in large areas in high yield
文摘Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bankbreeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. （1） Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1400 meters, and it needs 1 650℃ of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. （2） Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg·kg^-1, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. （3） High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. （4） High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. （5） Overall characteristics are good.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1201202)the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1995,2024NSFSC1968,and 2025YFHZ0184)the Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu City(2024-YF05-00368-SN)。
文摘Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashanica carries genes that accelerate heading and maturity in wheat.Here,we developed three small segment translocation lines(T7NsS-2BL 2BS,T7NsS-1AS 1AL#1,and T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2)along with one additional small segment translocation line(T7NsS-7BS 7BL)through^(60)Co-γ irradiation,identified using genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and liquid chip array analyses.Our findings demonstrated that chromosome 7NsS contained a major early heading date gene,tentatively designated Ehd-7Ns,which was mapped to an approximate31.45 Mb region,corresponding to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A(IWGSC RefSeq v1.0).The T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2 line exhibited no significant yield penalty and possessed superior agronomic traits relative to the other translocation lines in the field,making it a promising pre-breeding donor for breeding early maturing wheat.Furthermore,21 specific Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed based on transcriptome data,enabling effective tracing of alien chromosomal segments carrying this source of Ehd-7Ns in marker-assisted breeding.Collectively,these newly developed translocation lines and specific KASP markers will facilitate the transfer and utilization of favorable genes from P.huashanica chromosome 7Ns in future wheat breeding programs.
基金This work was supported by the National 863 Program of China(2001AA241251).
文摘A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-mature. This varietyonly needs 1550C effective accumulated temperature and can normally maturate in the Bashang Region in Hebei Provinceof Chi na, which can break through the limit zone of millet cultivation and move the cultivation zone northward greatly. (2)Multi-spikes, in addition to the effect tilling at the top, the nodes in the low-middle part also can produce spikes. (3) Sweetstem have high sugar content. The contents of whole-sugar, soluable sugar and deoxidized sugar are 74.8, 200.5, 237.2%higher than the regular varieties respectively. (4) High gross protein content. The content of gross protein is higher thanthe regular varieties by 3.9-30.4%. (5)Changeable grain color. The grain color of super early-mature millet No.1 is red inShijiazhuang, but yellow in the Bashang region. In addition, this variety is characterized by good quality, high yield, andgood synthetic traits
