摘要
本试验旨在研究育成期代谢能(ME)摄入量对7~24周龄蛋鸡生长发育、性成熟和早期蛋重的影响。选择540只6周龄末海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。7~15周龄,对照组、90%ME组、80%ME组饲粮ME水平分别为12.34、11.11和9.87 MJ/kg,其他营养水平相同;16~24周龄,各组蛋鸡均饲喂相同的试验饲粮,自由采食。试验期18周。结果表明:1)随7~15周龄ME摄入量减少,7~12周龄和13~15周龄的平均日增重(ADG)显著线性降低(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著线性增加(P<0.05);16~18周龄的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)显著线性增加(P<0.05);16~18周龄和19~24周龄的ADG显著线性增加(P<0.05),F/G显著线性降低(P<0.05);7~24周龄的ADMEI以及7~12周龄、16~18周龄、19~24周龄和7~24周龄的代谢能转化比(MECR)显著线性降低(P<0.05)。2)随7~15周龄ME摄入量减少,9、12、14、15、16、17周龄体重显著线性降低(P<0.05),但23周龄体重显著线性增加(P<0.05);12、14、15、17、18、23、24周龄体重变异系数(CV)显著线性降低(P<0.05)。3)随7~15周龄ME摄入量减少,15周龄的股骨、胫骨和跖骨长度体重比以及股骨和胫骨指数显著线性增加(P<0.05),腹脂率显著线性降低(P<0.05);18周龄的腹脂率呈先增加后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05),输卵管长度、重量、长度体重比和指数显著线性降低(P<0.05)。4)随7~15周龄ME摄入量减少,开产日龄、50%产蛋率日龄、前3个蛋平均重量和前7个蛋平均重量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。80%ME组的19~24周龄蛋重<46 g和46~50 g的鸡蛋占比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),蛋重>60 g的鸡蛋占比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在7~15周龄,90%或80%ME摄入量影响了蛋鸡体重,但这种影响在转换成自由采食3周后(18周龄)消失,且改善了蛋鸡的群体均匀度,减少了7~24周龄蛋鸡的ADMEI,提高了MECR;90%或80%ME摄入量改善了15周龄蛋鸡骨骼发育,对18周龄蛋鸡屠体、内脏器官和骨骼发育无不良影响;80%ME摄入量延迟了生殖器官发育和性成熟,增加了早期蛋重。其中,80%ME组蛋鸡在MECR、生长发育、群体均匀度和早期蛋重等方面表现更佳。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of metabolizable energy(ME)intake during growing period on growth and development,sexual maturity and early egg weight of laying hens during 7 to 24 weeks of age.A total of 540 six-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 30 hens in each replicate.During 7 to 15 weeks of age,the dietary ME levels of the control group,90%ME group and 80%ME group were 12.34,11.11 and 9.87 MJ/kg,respectively,and other nutrient levels were the same.During 16 to 24 weeks of age,the laying hens in each group were fed the same diet freely.The experiment lasted for 18 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)with the decreased of ME intake during 7 to 15 weeks of age,the average daily gain(ADG)during 7 to 12 weeks of age and 13 to 15 weeks of age was significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05),and the feed to weight ratio(F/G)was significantly linearly increased(P<0.05);the average daily feed intake(ADFI)and average daily metabolizable energy intake(ADMEI)during 16 to 18 weeks of age were significantly linearly increased(P<0.05);the ADG during 16 to 18 weeks of age and 19 to 24 weeks of age was significantly linearly increased(P<0.05),and the F/G was significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05);the ADMEI during 7 to 24 weeks of age and metabolizable energy conversion ratio(MECR)during 7 to 12 weeks of age,16 to 18 of age,19 to 24 weeks of age and 7 to 24 weeks of age were significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05).2)With the decreased of ME intake during 7 to 15 weeks of age,the body weight at 9,12,14,15,16 and 17 weeks of age was significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05),but the body weight at 23 weeks of age was significantly linearly increased(P<0.05);the body weight coefficient of variation(CV)at 12,14,15,17,18,23 and 24 weeks of age was significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05).3)With the decreased of ME intake during 7 to 15 weeks of age,the length to weight ratios of femur,tibia and tarsus,and the indices of femur and tibia at 15 weeks of age were significantly linearly increased(P<0.05),and the abdominal fat rate was significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05);the abdominal fat rate at 18 weeks of age were increased and then decreased in a quadratic curve(P<0.05),the length,weight,length to weight ratios and indices of oviduct were significantly linearly decreased(P<0.05).4)With the decreased of ME intake during 7 to 15 weeks of age,the age at onset of lay,age at 50%laying rate,weight of first eggs,weight of first three eggs and weight of first seven eggs were significantly linearly increased(P<0.05).The proportion of eggs which egg weight<46 g and 46 to 50 g during 19 to 24 weeks of age of 80%ME group were significantly lower than than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the proportion of egg which egg weight weight>60 g of 80%ME group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,during 7 to 15 weeks of age,the 90%or 80%ME intake affect the body weight of laying hens,but this effect disappears after 3 weeks of free feeding(18 weeks of age),and improve the group uniformity of laying hens,reduce the ADMEI during 7 to 15 weeks of age,and improve MECR;the 90%or 80%ME intake improve the skeletal development of laying hens at 15 weeks of age,but has no adverse effect on the development of carcass,internal organs and bones at 18 weeks of age;the 80%ME intake delay the development of reproductive organs and sexual maturity,but improve the early egg weight.Among them,the laying hens in 80%ME group show better performance in terms of MECR,growth and development,group uniformity and early egg weight.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2026,38(1):277-291]
作者
卢建
马猛
封丽华
张欣
曲亮
LU Jian;MA Meng;FENG Lihua;ZHANG Xin;QU Liang(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou 225125,China;Xianglong Poultry Development Co.,Ltd.of Yangzhou,Yangzhou 225261,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期277-291,共15页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]104)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-40-K01)。
关键词
蛋鸡
代谢能摄入量
育成期
生长发育
性成熟
早期蛋重
laying hens
metabolizable energy intake
growing period
growth and development
sexual maturity
early egg weight
