Normal corn germplasm can be used to improve popcorn （Zea mays L.） through 1-2 backcrosses with popcorn as recurrent parents. Popping characteristics of derived lines from popcorn × dent or flint corn crosses p...Normal corn germplasm can be used to improve popcorn （Zea mays L.） through 1-2 backcrosses with popcorn as recurrent parents. Popping characteristics of derived lines from popcorn × dent or flint corn crosses play a determinant role in popcorn breeding. Advanced backcross QTL methods can effectively combine QTL identification and plant breeding. 220 selected BC2F2 families developed from a cross between Dan 232, a dent corn inbred line, and N04, an elite popcorn inbred line, were evaluated for three popping characteristics, popping volume, flake size, and popping rate, under two environmental conditions. Using composite interval mapping, a total of 10 significant QTLs were detected, and of these, 2 to 4 QTLs were identified for each trait. Six QTLs had favorable alleles contributed by Dan 232. Comparison with the 15 QTLs detected in the F2：3 families showed that 3 QTLs were the same in both populations. The QTLs should be redetected in generations developed through severe selection. Improved N04 and near isogenic lines could be developed from this BC2F2 population through selfing or another 1 to 2 backcrosses with N04.展开更多
Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs）...Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for nine agronomic traits（plant height, ear height, top height（plant height subtracted ear height）, top height/plant height, number of leaves above the top ear, leaf area, stalk diameter, number of tassel branches and the length of tassel） under three environments. Meta-analysis was conducted then to integrate QTLs identified across three generations（RIL, F2：3 and BC2F2） developed from the same crosses. In total, 179 QTLs and 36 meta-QTLs（m QTL） were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variation（R2） explained by any single QTL varied from 3.86 to 28.4%, and 24 QTLs with contributions over 15%. Nine common QTLs located in the same or similar chromosome regions were detected across three generations. Five meta-QTLs were identified including QTLs in three independent studies. Seven important m QTLs were composed of 11–26 QTLs for 4–7 traits, respectively. Only 11 m QTLs were commonly identified in the same or similar chromosome regions across agronomic traits, popping characteristics（popping fold, popping volume and popping rate） and grain yield components（ear weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, kernel number per row, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel ratio） by meta-QTL analysis. In conclusion, we identified a list of QTLs, some of which with much higher contributions to agronomic traits should be valuable for further study in improving both popping characteristics and grain yield components in popcorn.展开更多
Silicon anodes are considered to be the most promising alternatives owing to their theoretical specific capacity,which is almost 10 times higher than that of graphite anodes.However,huge volume changes during charging...Silicon anodes are considered to be the most promising alternatives owing to their theoretical specific capacity,which is almost 10 times higher than that of graphite anodes.However,huge volume changes during charging and discharging affect their interface stability,which strongly limits their application in commercial batteries.Herein,a popcorn-structured silicon-carbon composite(SiNPs@graphene@C),composed of silicon nanoparticles(SiNPs),graphene spheres and pitch-based carbon,is prepared by spraydrying followed by a wet process.The resulting SiNPs@graphene@C composite has good flexibility and elastic-strain capacity due to the graphene substrate,and it possesses macrostructural integrity and mechanical stability during cycling due to the rigid carbon–carbon chemical bonds.As a result,it shows a discharge-specific capacity of 481.3 mAh g^(-1)and a capacity retention of 82.9%after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Besides,the initial coulomb efficiency is increased from 65.7%to 86.5%by pre-lithiation,which improves the feasibility of commercialising the SiNPs@graphene@C composite.展开更多
Popcorn is a very social food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred o...Popcorn is a very social food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred onto the shared popcorn. This study was conducted to determine if bacteria are transferred from hands to popcorn during handling. Over 30 samplings revealed that bacterial transfer to popcorn from hands was very low;however transfer did occur with large variation between subjects. Since hands and surfaces can carry bacteria in situations where food is being shared, transferring bacteria from one person to another person is always a risk.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Founda-tion of Henan Province of China (0511032900).
文摘Normal corn germplasm can be used to improve popcorn （Zea mays L.） through 1-2 backcrosses with popcorn as recurrent parents. Popping characteristics of derived lines from popcorn × dent or flint corn crosses play a determinant role in popcorn breeding. Advanced backcross QTL methods can effectively combine QTL identification and plant breeding. 220 selected BC2F2 families developed from a cross between Dan 232, a dent corn inbred line, and N04, an elite popcorn inbred line, were evaluated for three popping characteristics, popping volume, flake size, and popping rate, under two environmental conditions. Using composite interval mapping, a total of 10 significant QTLs were detected, and of these, 2 to 4 QTLs were identified for each trait. Six QTLs had favorable alleles contributed by Dan 232. Comparison with the 15 QTLs detected in the F2：3 families showed that 3 QTLs were the same in both populations. The QTLs should be redetected in generations developed through severe selection. Improved N04 and near isogenic lines could be developed from this BC2F2 population through selfing or another 1 to 2 backcrosses with N04.
基金funded by the Plan for the Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan ProvinceChina(124200510003)+2 种基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2012AA10A307)the Agricultural Science Creation in Henan Provincethe Modern Agricultural System in Industry and Technology of Henan Province,China(S2010-02-G01)
文摘Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for nine agronomic traits（plant height, ear height, top height（plant height subtracted ear height）, top height/plant height, number of leaves above the top ear, leaf area, stalk diameter, number of tassel branches and the length of tassel） under three environments. Meta-analysis was conducted then to integrate QTLs identified across three generations（RIL, F2：3 and BC2F2） developed from the same crosses. In total, 179 QTLs and 36 meta-QTLs（m QTL） were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variation（R2） explained by any single QTL varied from 3.86 to 28.4%, and 24 QTLs with contributions over 15%. Nine common QTLs located in the same or similar chromosome regions were detected across three generations. Five meta-QTLs were identified including QTLs in three independent studies. Seven important m QTLs were composed of 11–26 QTLs for 4–7 traits, respectively. Only 11 m QTLs were commonly identified in the same or similar chromosome regions across agronomic traits, popping characteristics（popping fold, popping volume and popping rate） and grain yield components（ear weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, kernel number per row, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel ratio） by meta-QTL analysis. In conclusion, we identified a list of QTLs, some of which with much higher contributions to agronomic traits should be valuable for further study in improving both popping characteristics and grain yield components in popcorn.
基金supported by the Gansu Provincial Department of Education:Industrial Support Program Project(2021CYZC-18)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province(21ZD4GA031)+2 种基金the Key R&D plan of Gansu Province(21YF5GA079)the Lanzhou University of Technology Hongliu First-class Discipline Construction ProgramEducation Department of Gansu Province:Excellent Graduate Student Innovation Star Project(2021CXZX-456)。
文摘Silicon anodes are considered to be the most promising alternatives owing to their theoretical specific capacity,which is almost 10 times higher than that of graphite anodes.However,huge volume changes during charging and discharging affect their interface stability,which strongly limits their application in commercial batteries.Herein,a popcorn-structured silicon-carbon composite(SiNPs@graphene@C),composed of silicon nanoparticles(SiNPs),graphene spheres and pitch-based carbon,is prepared by spraydrying followed by a wet process.The resulting SiNPs@graphene@C composite has good flexibility and elastic-strain capacity due to the graphene substrate,and it possesses macrostructural integrity and mechanical stability during cycling due to the rigid carbon–carbon chemical bonds.As a result,it shows a discharge-specific capacity of 481.3 mAh g^(-1)and a capacity retention of 82.9%after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Besides,the initial coulomb efficiency is increased from 65.7%to 86.5%by pre-lithiation,which improves the feasibility of commercialising the SiNPs@graphene@C composite.
文摘Popcorn is a very social food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred onto the shared popcorn. This study was conducted to determine if bacteria are transferred from hands to popcorn during handling. Over 30 samplings revealed that bacterial transfer to popcorn from hands was very low;however transfer did occur with large variation between subjects. Since hands and surfaces can carry bacteria in situations where food is being shared, transferring bacteria from one person to another person is always a risk.
