摘要
污染物控制是提升植物源食品质量的重要技术手段,为掌握美国对进口植物源食品中污染物的监管要求,本文解读了美国食药局(FDA)颁布的文件——《行业指南:人类食品和动物饲料中有毒或有害物质的行动水平》,重点梳理出6种高毒农药和黄曲霉毒素的管理要求。通过与我国相关标准进行比较,发现中美有2项规定具有显著差异,1项是黄曲霉毒素限量,美国指南规定其行动水平为20μg·kg^(-1),我国限定范围是5~20μg·kg^(-1);1项是农药残留,美国对爆米花中的农药残留有限制要求,而我国则暂未对其设限。国产莲子中的黄曲霉毒素限量为10μg·kg^(-1),但因采收或储运受潮易霉变,出口风险较高。通过加强品控和强化标准可以降低这种风险,例如拟出口爆米花可通过预检农残来避免美国抽查风险。本文的创新研究有助于企业预判食品出口风险,并且采取控制措施来提高农产品出口美国的合规性。
Pollutant control is an important technical means to improve the quality of plant-based foods.To understand the regulatory requirements of the United States for contaminants in imported plant-based foods,this article interpreted the document issued by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA):“Industry Guidelines:Action Levels for Toxic or Hazardous Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed”.The management requirements for six highly toxic pesticides and aflatoxin were mainly sorted out.By comparing with relevant standards in China,it was found that there are two regulations in China and the United States that have significant differences.One is the limit of aflatoxin.The US guidelines stipulate that the action level is 20μg·kg^(-1),while the limit range in China is 5-20μg·kg^(-1).One is pesticide residues.The United States has restrictions on pesticide residues in popcorn,while China has not yet set such limits.The limit of aflatoxin in domestic lotus seeds is 10μg·kg-1.However,due to moisture exposure during harvesting or storage and transportation,they are prone to mold,and the export risk is relatively high.This risk can be reduced by strengthening quality control and reinforcing standards.For instance,popcorn intended for export can avoid the risk of spot checks by the United States through pre-inspection of pesticide residues.The innovative study in this article helps enterprises predict the risks of food exports and take control measures to improve the compliance of agricultural products exported to the United States.
作者
黄雄俊
易蓉
潘芳
张海燕
李敏
廖荣军
温巧玲
张旺
HUANG Xiongjun;YI Rong;PAN Fang;ZHANG Haiyan;LI Min;LIAO Rongjun;WEN Qiaoling;ZHANG Wang(Guangzhou Customs Technical Center,Guangzhou 510623,Guangdong)
出处
《浙江农业科学》
2025年第9期2078-2083,共6页
Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
海关总署应急项目“进出肉类产品冷链风险分析研究”(KYHZ2023A08)。
