In order to study the relationship between the triggering current, deuterium pressure and the excess heat, a series of experiments were made in a D/Pd gas-loading system. By comparing the system constants （k = AT//kP...In order to study the relationship between the triggering current, deuterium pressure and the excess heat, a series of experiments were made in a D/Pd gas-loading system. By comparing the system constants （k = AT//kP） in both nitrogen and deuterium atmosphere we found an optimum current （8 A） and a deuterium pressure （9 x 104 Pa） in which the system could release a maximum excess power （more than 80 W）. The reproducibility was 16/16 and the excess energy released in the longest experiment was about 300 MJ within 40 days, which was corresponding to 104 eV for each palladium atom. Analysis of the palladium surface with a SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and an EDS （energy dispersive spectrometer） revealed that some new surface topographical feature with concentrations of unexpected elements （such as Ag, Sn, Pb and Ca） appeared after the current triggering. The results implied that the excess heat might come from a nuclear transmutation.展开更多
Experimental research of the heat and high-energy processes occurring in the cathode solid medium in the high voltage electric discharge system （electrolysis cell and glow discharge device） is presented. The experim...Experimental research of the heat and high-energy processes occurring in the cathode solid medium in the high voltage electric discharge system （electrolysis cell and glow discharge device） is presented. The experiments were carried out： Electrolysis in heavy water with a Pd cathode, electrolysis in light water with Ni and Pd cathodes, the glow discharge in deuterium with a Pd cathode. Excess heat was observed in experiments with high-voltage electrolysis （1,000 V or more）. The experiments showed that the maximum excess heat power values of 5-8 W for glow discharge and 180-280 W for high-voltage electrolysis and heat efficiency up to 170% for glow discharge, and 800% for high-voltage electrolysis. The production of impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry and by secondary ionic mass spectrometry. The authors propose based on these experimental results a phenomenological model for low energy nuclear reaction.展开更多
It reviewed results on low-energy nuclear reaction （LENR） processes in a high-voltage （1,000-4,000 V） electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets： excess heat measurements; yie...It reviewed results on low-energy nuclear reaction （LENR） processes in a high-voltage （1,000-4,000 V） electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets： excess heat measurements; yield of impurity nuclides （nuclear ash）; X-ray measurements. Up to 8 W of excess power was observed, with a power gain of up to 170% was seen in glow discharge experiments. Up to 300 W of excess power, with a power gain up to 340% was observed in experiments using a high-voltage electrolysis cell. The impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry, by secondary ionic mass spectrometry, and by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. X-ray emission in the range of 0.6-6.0 keV, has been observed. Based on these experimental results we propose a phenomenological model for LENR based on the interaction of an electric discharge with condensed matter （of the cathode）.展开更多
The author review results on LENR （low-energy nuclear reaction） processes in the cathodes of a high current glow discharge and a HVEC （high-voltage electrolysis cell）. The cathodes used in the experiments were mad...The author review results on LENR （low-energy nuclear reaction） processes in the cathodes of a high current glow discharge and a HVEC （high-voltage electrolysis cell）. The cathodes used in the experiments were made of Ni foil, Pd foil, Pd coated Re and solid-state nanostructured Pd. Up to 300 W of excess heat power, with a power gain up to 340%, was observed in experiments using a high-voltage electrolysis cell. Based on these experimental results, we propose a phenomenological model for LENR.展开更多
According to the theory given in the paper , the long time electrolysis experiment with titanium cathode in heavy water (D 2O) were done for many times by using the open-loop multi-parameters electrolysis calorimetry ...According to the theory given in the paper , the long time electrolysis experiment with titanium cathode in heavy water (D 2O) were done for many times by using the open-loop multi-parameters electrolysis calorimetry system, which is established by us. The specialty is that the cathode is titanium rod and the anode is platinum wire. The early experiment result is still repeated in our recent experiment. The obvious "excess heat" phenomenon can take place only when the electrolysis last more than ten days and amount of "excess heat" increased with the electrolysis time. The "excess heat" can also be obtained from the "boiling to dry" experiment. In the recent experiment, we obtain the results that the amount of "excess heat" is about 3.6 times the input energy, the "excess heat" power is 76.5 W, and the "excess heat" power density is 121.7 W/cm 3. After the electrolysis, the crystal structure of the Ti cathode was measured with x-ray diffraction apparatus. We found that the crystal structure of Ti cathode was changed to face-centered cubic structure of TiD 2 from its hexagonal structure. This result is in agreement with the Gou’s theory mentioned in reference .展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of threadembedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for functional constipation with intestinal excess heat.Methods A total of 80 patients with functional con...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of threadembedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for functional constipation with intestinal excess heat.Methods A total of 80 patients with functional constipation of intestinal excess heat were randomly divided into a thread-embedding group(40 cases,2 cases dropped out)and a Chinese patent medication group(40 cases,1 case dropped out).Based on the theory of combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for diseases of fu organs,Zhongwan(CV12),Guanyuan(CV4)and bilateral Zusanli(ST36),Shangjuxu(ST37),Tianshu(ST25),Xiajuxu(ST39)were selected and threadembedding therapy was delivered in the thread-embedding group,once a week.Maren Runchang pll was given orally in the Chinese patent medication group,6-12 g each time,twice a day.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the scores of constipation assessment scale(CAS),Bristol stool form scale(BSFS),patient-assessment of constipation quality of life(PAC-QOL)and TCM syndrome were observed,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups.Results After treatment,the CAS scores and the TCM syndrome scores were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),while the BSFS scores were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the two groups;the total scores,as well as the physical discomfort and psychosocial discomfort scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the two groups,the worry and anxiety,and the satisfaction scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the thread-embedding group.After treatment,the CAS score,the total score and item-scores of PAC-QOL,as well as the TCM syndrome score in the thread-embedding groupwere lower than those in the Chinese patent medication group(P<0.05).The total effective rate was 78.9%(30/38)in the thread-embedding group,which was higher than 56.4%(22/39)in the Chinese patent medication group(P<0.05).Conclusion Thread-embedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points can effectively treat functional constipation with intestinal excess heat and improve quality of life.展开更多
Excess heat capacities at glass transition temperature in two types of glass-forming systems of [xNaNO3(1x)KNO3]60·[Ca(NO3)2]40(0x1) and Ca(NO3)2yH2O(4y13) are studied.In the former system,with the replacement of...Excess heat capacities at glass transition temperature in two types of glass-forming systems of [xNaNO3(1x)KNO3]60·[Ca(NO3)2]40(0x1) and Ca(NO3)2yH2O(4y13) are studied.In the former system,with the replacement of K + cation with Na + cation,the excess heat capacity is around 65.1 J mol-1·K-1,while the excess increases by 38.9 J mol-1·K-1 upon one molar H2O content in latter system.A quantitative description to the excess heat capacity is built up with the thermal effects of atomic and molecular translational motion in liquids.The results might offer a further understanding to the glass transition.展开更多
The occurrences of excess ^40Ar within a hydrothermal tourmaline is discussed in term of the analysis data of syngenetic muscovite and tourmaline from the Lushui hydrothermal tin-tungsten deposit in western Yunnan, Ch...The occurrences of excess ^40Ar within a hydrothermal tourmaline is discussed in term of the analysis data of syngenetic muscovite and tourmaline from the Lushui hydrothermal tin-tungsten deposit in western Yunnan, China, using the ^40Ar-^39Ar stepwise heating technique. About 80% excess ^40 Ar was released in the last step when the tourmaline was fused, corresponding to a release of only -3% ^39 Ar （K）, which indicates that most excess ^40 Ar was held in the mineral lattice rather than in the channels parallel to the Z-axis. This suggests that the excess ^40 Ar was incorporated during crystallization and not diffused into the tourmaline during the post-crystallization history.展开更多
This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest o...This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest of the Algerian Sahara over the period 1951-2010. The index, based on the analysis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by adding them, integrated two dimensions at the same time: the duration and the excess heat. The results show an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. More specifically, from the 1980s, it is possible to observe the propagation of extreme and very extreme and super extreme heat waves in recent decades with maximum presence during the period 1990-2010. In general, it can be said that the trend of excessive warming is clearly displayed in the Algerian Sahara, generally classified as a hot region.展开更多
文摘In order to study the relationship between the triggering current, deuterium pressure and the excess heat, a series of experiments were made in a D/Pd gas-loading system. By comparing the system constants （k = AT//kP） in both nitrogen and deuterium atmosphere we found an optimum current （8 A） and a deuterium pressure （9 x 104 Pa） in which the system could release a maximum excess power （more than 80 W）. The reproducibility was 16/16 and the excess energy released in the longest experiment was about 300 MJ within 40 days, which was corresponding to 104 eV for each palladium atom. Analysis of the palladium surface with a SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and an EDS （energy dispersive spectrometer） revealed that some new surface topographical feature with concentrations of unexpected elements （such as Ag, Sn, Pb and Ca） appeared after the current triggering. The results implied that the excess heat might come from a nuclear transmutation.
文摘Experimental research of the heat and high-energy processes occurring in the cathode solid medium in the high voltage electric discharge system （electrolysis cell and glow discharge device） is presented. The experiments were carried out： Electrolysis in heavy water with a Pd cathode, electrolysis in light water with Ni and Pd cathodes, the glow discharge in deuterium with a Pd cathode. Excess heat was observed in experiments with high-voltage electrolysis （1,000 V or more）. The experiments showed that the maximum excess heat power values of 5-8 W for glow discharge and 180-280 W for high-voltage electrolysis and heat efficiency up to 170% for glow discharge, and 800% for high-voltage electrolysis. The production of impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry and by secondary ionic mass spectrometry. The authors propose based on these experimental results a phenomenological model for low energy nuclear reaction.
文摘It reviewed results on low-energy nuclear reaction （LENR） processes in a high-voltage （1,000-4,000 V） electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets： excess heat measurements; yield of impurity nuclides （nuclear ash）; X-ray measurements. Up to 8 W of excess power was observed, with a power gain of up to 170% was seen in glow discharge experiments. Up to 300 W of excess power, with a power gain up to 340% was observed in experiments using a high-voltage electrolysis cell. The impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry, by secondary ionic mass spectrometry, and by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. X-ray emission in the range of 0.6-6.0 keV, has been observed. Based on these experimental results we propose a phenomenological model for LENR based on the interaction of an electric discharge with condensed matter （of the cathode）.
文摘The author review results on LENR （low-energy nuclear reaction） processes in the cathodes of a high current glow discharge and a HVEC （high-voltage electrolysis cell）. The cathodes used in the experiments were made of Ni foil, Pd foil, Pd coated Re and solid-state nanostructured Pd. Up to 300 W of excess heat power, with a power gain up to 340%, was observed in experiments using a high-voltage electrolysis cell. Based on these experimental results, we propose a phenomenological model for LENR.
文摘According to the theory given in the paper , the long time electrolysis experiment with titanium cathode in heavy water (D 2O) were done for many times by using the open-loop multi-parameters electrolysis calorimetry system, which is established by us. The specialty is that the cathode is titanium rod and the anode is platinum wire. The early experiment result is still repeated in our recent experiment. The obvious "excess heat" phenomenon can take place only when the electrolysis last more than ten days and amount of "excess heat" increased with the electrolysis time. The "excess heat" can also be obtained from the "boiling to dry" experiment. In the recent experiment, we obtain the results that the amount of "excess heat" is about 3.6 times the input energy, the "excess heat" power is 76.5 W, and the "excess heat" power density is 121.7 W/cm 3. After the electrolysis, the crystal structure of the Ti cathode was measured with x-ray diffraction apparatus. We found that the crystal structure of Ti cathode was changed to face-centered cubic structure of TiD 2 from its hexagonal structure. This result is in agreement with the Gou’s theory mentioned in reference .
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of threadembedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for functional constipation with intestinal excess heat.Methods A total of 80 patients with functional constipation of intestinal excess heat were randomly divided into a thread-embedding group(40 cases,2 cases dropped out)and a Chinese patent medication group(40 cases,1 case dropped out).Based on the theory of combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for diseases of fu organs,Zhongwan(CV12),Guanyuan(CV4)and bilateral Zusanli(ST36),Shangjuxu(ST37),Tianshu(ST25),Xiajuxu(ST39)were selected and threadembedding therapy was delivered in the thread-embedding group,once a week.Maren Runchang pll was given orally in the Chinese patent medication group,6-12 g each time,twice a day.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the scores of constipation assessment scale(CAS),Bristol stool form scale(BSFS),patient-assessment of constipation quality of life(PAC-QOL)and TCM syndrome were observed,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups.Results After treatment,the CAS scores and the TCM syndrome scores were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),while the BSFS scores were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the two groups;the total scores,as well as the physical discomfort and psychosocial discomfort scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the two groups,the worry and anxiety,and the satisfaction scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05)in the thread-embedding group.After treatment,the CAS score,the total score and item-scores of PAC-QOL,as well as the TCM syndrome score in the thread-embedding groupwere lower than those in the Chinese patent medication group(P<0.05).The total effective rate was 78.9%(30/38)in the thread-embedding group,which was higher than 56.4%(22/39)in the Chinese patent medication group(P<0.05).Conclusion Thread-embedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points can effectively treat functional constipation with intestinal excess heat and improve quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51071170 and 11274353)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB613904 and 2010CB-731603)
文摘Excess heat capacities at glass transition temperature in two types of glass-forming systems of [xNaNO3(1x)KNO3]60·[Ca(NO3)2]40(0x1) and Ca(NO3)2yH2O(4y13) are studied.In the former system,with the replacement of K + cation with Na + cation,the excess heat capacity is around 65.1 J mol-1·K-1,while the excess increases by 38.9 J mol-1·K-1 upon one molar H2O content in latter system.A quantitative description to the excess heat capacity is built up with the thermal effects of atomic and molecular translational motion in liquids.The results might offer a further understanding to the glass transition.
基金Financial supports came from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40472048） ；the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KZCX2-SW117 and GIGCX-0301）.
文摘The occurrences of excess ^40Ar within a hydrothermal tourmaline is discussed in term of the analysis data of syngenetic muscovite and tourmaline from the Lushui hydrothermal tin-tungsten deposit in western Yunnan, China, using the ^40Ar-^39Ar stepwise heating technique. About 80% excess ^40 Ar was released in the last step when the tourmaline was fused, corresponding to a release of only -3% ^39 Ar （K）, which indicates that most excess ^40 Ar was held in the mineral lattice rather than in the channels parallel to the Z-axis. This suggests that the excess ^40 Ar was incorporated during crystallization and not diffused into the tourmaline during the post-crystallization history.
文摘This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest of the Algerian Sahara over the period 1951-2010. The index, based on the analysis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by adding them, integrated two dimensions at the same time: the duration and the excess heat. The results show an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. More specifically, from the 1980s, it is possible to observe the propagation of extreme and very extreme and super extreme heat waves in recent decades with maximum presence during the period 1990-2010. In general, it can be said that the trend of excessive warming is clearly displayed in the Algerian Sahara, generally classified as a hot region.
