为了研究模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)在嵌入储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)后内部动态特性的变化规律,对MMC-BESS的运行特性进行了详细分析,并提出了一种桥臂级平均值模型(arm average model,...为了研究模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)在嵌入储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)后内部动态特性的变化规律,对MMC-BESS的运行特性进行了详细分析,并提出了一种桥臂级平均值模型(arm average model,AAM)进行验证。首先,在假设桥臂中各储能子模块状态一致的前提下,将离散环节连续化,并根据电路特性方程构建了MMC-BESS的AAM电路模型。然后,根据交流端、直流端以及储能端之间的功率关系对MMC-BESS的运行模式进行划分,建立了桥臂电流与电池功率之间的关系,并对电池功率不均衡状态下的桥臂电流进行了分析。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink分别搭建了MMC-BESS的开关模型和AAM模型,并基于AAM验证了多种工况下的桥臂电流响应。仿真结果表明,AAM在显著提高仿真效率的同时可保证较高的准确性,电池功率的大小与均衡状况对桥臂电流的成分有较大影响。展开更多
Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness...Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.展开更多
文摘为了研究模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)在嵌入储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)后内部动态特性的变化规律,对MMC-BESS的运行特性进行了详细分析,并提出了一种桥臂级平均值模型(arm average model,AAM)进行验证。首先,在假设桥臂中各储能子模块状态一致的前提下,将离散环节连续化,并根据电路特性方程构建了MMC-BESS的AAM电路模型。然后,根据交流端、直流端以及储能端之间的功率关系对MMC-BESS的运行模式进行划分,建立了桥臂电流与电池功率之间的关系,并对电池功率不均衡状态下的桥臂电流进行了分析。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink分别搭建了MMC-BESS的开关模型和AAM模型,并基于AAM验证了多种工况下的桥臂电流响应。仿真结果表明,AAM在显著提高仿真效率的同时可保证较高的准确性,电池功率的大小与均衡状况对桥臂电流的成分有较大影响。
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3204404)。
文摘Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.
