摘要
目的 比较不同受力部位对颅底骨折导致视神经损伤的临床情况进行视神经损伤分型 ,讨论手术适应证和经颅入路视神经减压开放术的优越性。方法 1997年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 5月经颅手术治疗 118例视神经损伤病人 ,回顾分析了受伤部位、CT影像特点、手术减压范围及术后 6个月视力的随访结果。评价方法为 :视力完全丧失、眼前手动、眼前指数、光感和视力 >0 .0 5 5个级别。提高一个级别者为有效 ,视野缺损的改善也为有效。视力恢复大于 0 .1为显效。结果 视神经损伤类型为 :眉弓外侧型 87例 ,眉弓内侧型 18例 ,颧骨型 13例。术后 6个月随访 ,术前视力完全丧失 72例 ,术后有效 35例 ,有效率为 4 8.6 % ;术前视力残存者 4 6例 ,术后均有效 ,有效率为 10 0 % ;各型总有效率为 6 8.6 %。视神经损伤眉弓外侧型术后有效率为 6 4 .4 % ,眉弓内侧型 83.3% ;颧骨型为76 9% ;可见眉弓内侧型和颧骨型视神经损伤的手术效果较好。结论 经颅手术减压范围充分 ,疗效明确。手术适应证为 :(1)伤后有残存视力 ,视力下降者 ;(2 )双侧视神经损伤 ;(3)完全失明未超过 3d者。
Objective To discuss the operative indications and advantages of transcranial optic nerve decompression in treatment of optic nerve injury resulted from skull base fracture. Methods The data, such as the site of impact, vision, ocular movement, characteristic of CT, and pathologic changes during operation, and the extent of operative decompression of 118 patients with optic nerve injury. According the site of impact on the head, 87 of lateral superciliary arch type, 18 of medial superciliary arch type, and 13 of zygomatic type, undergoing transcranial optic nerve decompression were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up for 6 months after operation. For the purpose of evaluation, the postoperative outcome of visual acuity was classified into five grades: blindness, hand movement, finger count, light perception and visual acuity >0.05. The visual acuity improvement reaching one grade or more was defined as effective. The improvement of visual field was also considered effective. Results After follow-up of 6 months, effect was shown in 35 out of the 72 patients with pre-operative blindness (48.6%), and all the 46 patients with residual vision (100%). The total effective rate was 68.6%. The post-operative effective rate was 64.4% in patients with lateral superciliary arch type, 83.3% in patients with medial superciliary arch type injury and 76.9% in patients with zygomatic type injury. Conclusions Transcranial optic nerve decompression is worthy recommending to the patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. The operative indications include patients with residual vision; patients with bilateral optic nerve injury; and patients with blindness less than 3 days.
出处
《中华医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期130-133,共4页
National Medical Journal of China
