1[1]Cheshire, J. (ed.) 1991. English Around the World. [ M] Cambridge: CUP.
2[2]Crystal, D. 1995. Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. [Z] Cambridge University Press.
3[3]Gorlach, M. 1991. Englishes: Studies in Varieties of English [M]. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
4[4]McArthur,T. (ed.) 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. [M] Oxford: OUP.
5[5]Platt, J. and Weber, H. 1980. English in Singapore and Malaysia. [Z] Oxford: OUP.
6[6]Platt,J. Weber, H. and Ho, M. L. 1984. The New Englishes. [M] London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
7[7]Pride,J. 1982. The New Englishes. [M] Rowley,MA: Newbury House.
8[8]Todd, L. 1984. Modern Englishes [M]. Pidgins and Creoles. Oxford: Blackwell.
9[9]Trudgill, Peter& Hannah,Jean. 1994 (Third edition). International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English [M]. Edward Arnold, Great Britain.