摘要
本文属于理论词典学研究的范畴。是利用认知语义学,特别是框架语义学、理想认知模型、认知语法等对词义的研究成果,以常用多义词义项的划分与释义为研究取向,探究词的认知语义框架与词典使用者的接受视野之间的关系。我们认为认识多义词的认知语义结构,区分义项间存在的多种关系,了解词典使用者的接受视野,确定义项的粒度,是解决义项划分的精粗多寡问题的前提和基础。我们考察了词的认知语义结构的相关研究,认定出义项间存在的一些基本关系。考察了词义预设的一般认知语义框架与词典使用者的特定接受视野之间的共有认知环境、词典编纂者和使用者默契协同活动中词的语义成分的共有突显。分析了词典使用者接受视野发展的动态性和义项粒度之间的反比关系。在此基础上,我们尝试提出建立义项划分和释义的认知语言学模式的设想,以期更好地实现词典释义与词典使用者接受视野的优化互动。
This paper is a study in the field of theoretical lexicography.Oriented to solving the thorny pr - oblem of sense demarcation and definition of common polysemous words,it explores the relationsh - ips between cognitive semantic frames of polysemous words and the cognitive environments of dic - tionary users,against the findings in cognitive semantics,especially those in frame semantics,ideal - ized cognitive models,and cognitive grammar.We hold that,as a prerequisite and basis for solving the thorny problem,we must gain adequate knowledge of the semantic structures of polysemous words,the various types of relation among the senses,the cognitive environments of dictionary users,and the nature of sense granularity.Therefore,we looked into the relevant studies on cogni - tive semantic structures of polysemous words and identified some basic relations between the senses.We probed into the mutual cognitive environments between the general cognitive semantic frame presupposed by each sense and the idiosyncratic cognitive domain of dictionary users,and into the mutual salience of meaning components of words in the tacit coordination of dictionary compilers and users.And we found that the growth of dictionary user ' s cognitive domain is in inverse propor - tion to sense granularity.Finally,we tentatively propose to construct a cognitive semantic model for sense demarcation and definition of polysemous words so as to favorably facilitate the interaction between definitions and cognitive environments of dictionary users.
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第4期339-350,共12页
Modern Foreign Languages
基金
教育部文科基地重大课题的资助(2000ZDXM740008)
是其子课题"词典释义与读者接受视野之间的互动关系"理论研究的一部分
关键词
多义词
语义框架
词典释义
义项划分
认知视野
polysemy,semantic frame,definition,sense demarcation,cognitive environment
