摘要
目的:掌握山西省吕梁地区重点出生缺陷疾病的发生水平及分布特点,寻找可疑的致畸因素,为有效降低山西省出生缺陷率和制订出生缺陷干预方案提供依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,选择吕梁地区13个县(市),每个县随机抽取5～6个村,由经过统一培训的调查员对在当地居住5年以上的18～45岁育龄妇女逐个入户进行KAP问卷调查,调查问卷经核实后录入微机,用SPSS(10.0)/PC软件包处理,统计方法有x^2检验,x^2趋势检验,聚类分析。结果:共得有效问卷6086份,发现出生缺陷276例,出生缺陷率为193.64/万,其中神经管畸形65例,先天性心脏病31例,唐氏综合征29例,发生率分别为45.60/万、21.75/万、20.00/万。各地区发生率存在显著性差异(x^2=102.654,P=0.003),离石县最高为370.05/万,交口县最低为20.45/万。不同年限发生率有显著性差异(x^2=11.796,P=0.003),呈逐年增高的趋势(尤其是无脑畸形、唐氏综合征)。出生缺陷率在不同年龄及孕次的孕母、出生季节、胎儿性别均无显著性差异(P值均大于0.05)。孕期抽烟、服用抗生素等药物、做X光检查、食用霉变土豆组的出生缺陷率与非暴露组相比有显著性差异(x^2值分别为8.599、4.655、10.285、11.805,P值均小于0.05)。结论:山西省吕梁地区出生缺陷率高,出生缺陷率无性别、季节差异。
Objective: To study the incidence distribution behavior of important birth defects in Lvliang area, Shansi province,to find those suspected teratogenic factors,which can be viewed as the evidence to decrease the incidence of birth defects operatively in Shanxi province and to formulate intervention program about birth defects. Methods: According to random cluster sampling, we draw five or six villages in each county of Lvliang area. All of the reproductive life women,aged from 18 to 45 years old,who have been living there for at least five years, were investigated by survey members on KAP questionnaires, who had been trained unitive before the investigation. The utility questionnaires add up to 6,086 cases. When the investigation end,all verificated materials were input into computer,and processed by SPSS( 10. 0)/PC software packet. Statistical methods, such as Chi - square check, Chi - square tendency check, hierachical cluster analysis were used. Results: We have found 276 birth defect cases in this investigation, which involves 65 neural tube defect(NTD) ,31 congenital heart disease,29 Downs syndrome. The incidence of birth defect is 193. 64 per myriad. The incidence of birth defect in different areas is significant(x2 = 102. 654 ,P =0. 000) ,the value of 370. 05 per myriad is the highest in Lishi county and the lowest of 20.45 per myriad in Jiaokou county. The incidence in different eras is significant (x = 11. 796, P = 0. 003) , and there is a tendency of increasing ( especially anencephaly and Downs syndrome). The incidence in different ages, gravidities, seasons, fetus sex are not significant (x2 value respectively is 3. 182,6.008,1. 459,2.915,P values are more than 0. 05 ). The incidence of birth defect in those gravidas who have exposured some risk factors such as drinking, taking medicine, making X -light examination, eating mildewed potato in early pregnancy are significantly higher than the unexposured bundles(x2 value respectively is 8. 599,4.655,10.285,11. 805,P values are little than 0. 05). Conclusions:the incidence in Lvliang area,Shanxi province is very high,and it is not significant in different ages,gravidities, seasons,fetus sex, compared with significant in different areas, eras. High gestational age, high gravidity, drinking, taking medicine (antibiotic, hormone and so on) ,making X -light examination,eating mildewed potato in early pregnancy may be risk factors of birth defects.
出处
《中国计划生育学杂志》
2003年第2期90-94,共5页
Chinese Journal of Family Planning
