摘要
小白菜是我国重要的绿叶蔬菜,其生产受高温胁迫制约日益显著。针对气候变暖背景下的生产需求,开展小白菜耐热性研究已成为重要课题。本文系统梳理了近30年来国内外小白菜耐热性研究进展。在耐热性评价方面,总结了以植物表型、生理生化指标及综合评价体系为主的鉴定技术,并指出根系耐热性与采后耐储性评价的重要性。在机制解析层面,阐述了热胁迫对植株形态、解剖与细胞结构的损害,揭示了以增强抗氧化系统、积累渗透调节物质、维持光合能力为核心的生理响应机制;并从分子层面归纳了转录因子(WRKY、NAC、HSF等)、热激蛋白家族、功能基因、表观遗传修饰(DNA与组蛋白甲基化)及非编码RNA(lncRNA、miRNA等)在耐热调控网络中的关键作用。在遗传改良方面,概述了以杂交育种、诱变育种及多倍体育种为主的品种选育进展,外源物质调控技术(激素、生物碱及微生物菌剂等)也为田间耐热性调控提供了途径。最后,针对当前研究存在的问题,提出未来应聚焦于功能机制深度解析、优化遗传转化体系,并推动智慧与分子设计育种,以培育综合性状优良的耐热新品种,为小白菜产业发展提供支撑。
Pak-choi(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis)is an important leafy vegetable in China,and its production is increasingly constrained by high-temperature stress.In response to the demands of climate change,research on heat tolerance in Pak-choi has become a critical focus.This review systematically summarizes the progress made in the study of heat tolerance in Pak-choi over the past 30 years.In terms of heat tolerance evaluation,the review outlines the main assessment techniques based on plant phenotypes,physiological and biochemical indicators and comprehensive evaluation systems.It also highlights the importance of evaluating root heat tolerance and postharvest storability.Regarding the mechanisms of heat tolerance,it describes the damage caused by high-temperature stress to plant morphology,anatomy and cellular structures.The core physiological responses are elucidated,including the enhancement of the antioxidant system,accumulation of osmotic regulators and maintenance of photosynthetic capacity.At the molecular level,the key roles of transcription factors(such as WRKY,NAC and HSF),heat shock protein families,functional genes,epigenetic modifications(DNA and histone methylation)and non-coding RNAs(including lncRNAs and miRNAs)in the heat tolerance regulatory network are summarized.In the field of genetic improvement,progress in breeding methods are reviewed,including hybrid breeding,mutation breeding and polyploid breeding.Additionally,exogenous substance regulation techniques(such as hormones,alkaloids and microbial agents)provide practical approaches for enhancing heat tolerance in the field.Finally,addressing existing research gaps,future directions should focus on in-depth functional mechanism analysis,optimization of genetic transformation systems and the advancement of smart and molecular design breeding.These efforts aim to develop new heat-tolerant varieties with comprehensive superior traits,thereby supporting the sustainable development of the Pak-choi industry.
作者
鲁军阳
黄伟群
卢林烨
田珺
张秋岭
韩雪娟
阎艺文
侯毛毛
钟凤林
LU Junyang;HUANG Weiqun;LU Linye;TIAN Jun;ZHANG Qiuling;HAN Xuejuan;YAN Yiwen;HOU Maomao;ZHONG Fenglin(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization,Ministry of Education,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Seed Station,Fuzhou 350002,China;Beijing Dongsheng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100085,China)
出处
《蔬菜》
2026年第2期34-46,共13页
Vegetables
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32402559)
福建省自然科学基金(2024J08039)。
关键词
小白菜
耐热性
高温胁迫
生理响应
分子机制
遗传改良
资源评价
外源调控
pak-choi
heat tolerance
high temperature stress
physiological response
molecular mechanism
genetic improvement
germplasm evaluation
exogenous regulation
