摘要
口服纳米给药系统凭借安全性高、患者依从性好及临床转化潜力大等优势,在药物递送领域占据重要地位。然而,胃肠道多重生理屏障限制了多肽/蛋白类生物药物的吸收,导致生物利用度较低。纳米技术递送系统可增强药物胃肠渗透性与稳定性,实现靶向部位的特异性蓄积,降低脱靶效应。近年来,该技术在消化道疾病如炎症性肠病的治疗中取得显著进展,并为糖尿病、癌症等全身性疾病提供了非侵入性治疗新策略。本文系统阐述胃肠道多重屏障作用机制及其与药物递送的影响、纳米载体在消化系统及全身性疾病治疗中的最新研究进展以及临床转化面临的关键挑战,旨在为口服纳米药物从基础研究向临床应用转化提供理论依据和未来发展方向。
Oral nanodrug delivery systems have gained prominence in pharmaceutical research due to their high safety,excellent patient compliance,and significant clinical translation potential.However,the multiple physiological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract severely limit the absorption of peptide/protein-based biologics,resulting in low bioavailability.Nanotechnology-based delivery systems can enhance gastrointestinal permeability and drug stability,enabling site-specific accumulation while minimizing off-target effects.Recent advances have demonstrated remarkable progress in treating gastrointestinal diseases(e.g.,inflammatory bowel disease)and have provided novel non-invasive therapeutic strategies for systemic disorders such as diabetes and cancer.This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms of gastrointestinal barriers and their impacts on drug delivery,cutting-edge advancements in nanocarriers for treating digestive and systemic diseases,and key challenges in clinical translation,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and future perspectives for advancing oral nanomedicines.
作者
赵果
王书航
李宁
ZHAO Guo;WANG Shuhang;LI Ning(National Cancer Center,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Drug Clinical Trial Research Center of Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100021,China)
出处
《协和医学杂志》
北大核心
2026年第2期403-412,共10页
Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2508500)
国家自然科学基金(82272951,82272953)。
关键词
纳米药物
口服递送
胃肠道屏障
新型纳米材料
临床转化
nanomedicine
oral delivery
gastrointestinal barrier
advanced nanomaterials
clinical translation
