摘要
随着人类深空探索任务的深入,航天员长期处于太空环境中,面临的昼夜节律紊乱问题日益严峻。昼夜节律由视交叉上核主导,主要通过转录-翻译反馈环路,并受表观遗传和代谢等多层次调控维持稳态。然而,太空环境中的微重力、非24 h光暗周期(如低地球轨道1个周期约90 min)及密闭隔离等因素均可能导致节律失调。研究表明,昼夜节律紊乱与航天员睡眠障碍、认知及情绪失衡、免疫力下降及代谢综合征风险密切相关。当前干预措施包括药物干预、光照疗法、营养调控及运动调节等。未来研究聚焦于多维生物节律调控技术,这些突破不仅为深空探索提供保障,其“地球溢出效应”也有望革新轮班综合征、睡眠障碍及癌症等疾病的治疗策略,凸显太空医学研究的跨学科价值。
With the advancement of human deep-space exploration missions,astronauts increasingly face severe disruptions to their circadian rhythms while enduring prolonged exposure to space environments.Circadian rhythms are primarily regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)through a transcription-translation feedback loop,along with multilayered modulation involving epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms.However,microgravity,non-24-hour light-dark cycles(e.g.,the 90-minute orbital period in low Earth orbit),and confined isolation in space may collectively contribute to circadian desynchronization.Studies indicate that circadian disruption is significantly associated with sleep disturbances,cognitive and emotional dysregulation,immune suppression,and an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome in astronauts.Current countermeasures include pharmacological interventions,light therapy,nutritional modulation,and physical exercise.Future research will focus on multidimensional biological rhythm regulation technologies.These advancements will not only support deep-space exploration but also demonstrate a"terrestrial spillover effect",potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms for shift-work disorder,sleep disorders,and even cancer,which certainly underscore the interdisciplinary value of space medicine research.
作者
江晓羽
柳欣
马文雪
叶华
刘庆华
JIANG Xiaoyu;LIU Xin;MA Wenxue;YE Hua;LIU Qinghua(The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250002,China;Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University,Shanghai 200120,China)
出处
《航天医学与医学工程》
2026年第1期105-112,共8页
Space Medicine & Medical Engineering
关键词
昼夜节律
航天医学
生物钟
微重力
节律同步
生物钟调控
circadian rhythm
space medicine
biological clock
microgravity
rhythm synchronization
circadian regulation
