摘要
在乡村振兴与劳动力加速流动的背景下,农业机械化与农村劳动力转移呈现出由单向影响向双向反馈演进的特征。基于推拉理论,系统阐释二者之间的互动机制,分析表明:机械化通过要素替代、成本效率提升与规模经营效应推动劳动力转移;劳动力外流则通过抬高劳动成本、促进土地流转与社会化服务发展倒逼机械化升级。然而,该互动存在显著的区域与主体异质性:平原地区机械化表现为“强替代”,丘陵地区则更多体现为“技术赋能”;小农户依赖社会化服务实现兼业化,规模经营主体则通过资本深化推动机械化升级。研究进一步提出应实施差异化政策,促进“人-地-机”系统协同发展。
Against the backdrop of rural revitalization and the accelerated flow of labor,agricultural mechanization and rural labor transfer are found to exhibit a characteristic evolution from unidirectional influence to bidirectional feedback.Based on the push-pull theory,the interactive mechanism between the two was systematically elaborated.The analysis showed that labor transfer was promoted by mechanization through factor substitution,cost-efficiency improvement,and economies of scale in operation;meanwhile,the upgrading of mechanization was forced by rural labor outflow through raising labor costs,facilitating land transfer,and advancing the development of socialized services.However,significant regional and subject heterogeneity was identified in this interaction:mechanization in plain areas was characterized as"strong substitution",while in hilly areas,it was reflected more as"technological empowerment";part-time farming was achieved by small-scale farmers relying on socialized services,whereas mechanization upgrading was driven by large-scale operation entities through capital deepening.Further,it was proposed in the study that differentiated policies should be implemented to promote the coordinated development of the"human-land-machine"system.
作者
吴宪
叶小青
WU Xian;YE Xiaoqing(Business School,Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang,China;China(Lishui)Liangshan Institute,Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《农业装备与车辆工程》
2026年第2期124-128,共5页
Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering
基金
丽水学院校级研究生科研创新项目“乡村振兴视域下生态富民路径研究——以浙江丽水为例”(YKY24021)。
关键词
农业机械化
农村劳动力转移
双向互动
agricultural mechanization
rural labor transfer
bidirectional interaction
