摘要
近年来,我国新就业群体规模持续扩大,外卖骑手作为典型代表之一,关于不同类型职业技能如何影响其收入水平的实证证据仍较有限。本文基于2023年全国外卖骑手调查数据,关注职业技能对收入水平的差异化影响。研究将骑手职业技能划分为社会适应性、行业通适性与岗位专用性技能三类,采用有序结构方程模型检验其与收入水平的关系。结果显示,行业通适性与岗位专用性技能与更高收入等级相关,而社会适应性技能与收入等级呈负向关联。多组比较显示,男性在行业通适性与岗位专用性技能上的收入回报更高,岗位专用性技能的收入回报在青年群体中更突出。因此,相关培训与支持政策应关注提升单位时间有效收入、降低风险损失,并促进可迁移能力积累。
Using national survey data collected in 2023,this study examines how different occupational skills relate to income among food-delivery riders,a representative new employment group.We classify their skills into social-adaptive,industry-general,and job-specific dimensions.Results from an ordinal structural equation model show that industry-general and job-specific skills positively associated with higher income,while social-adaptive skills show a negative association.Multi-group analyses indicate stronger returns to industry-general and job-specific skills among male riders,and a stronger return to job-specific skills among younger riders.The findings inform that training and support policies should focus on raising hourly earnings,reducing risk,and fostering transferable skills.
作者
魏心怡
王星
Wei Xinyi;Wang Xing
出处
《中国青年研究》
北大核心
2026年第3期70-78,119,共10页
China Youth Study
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段我国社会流动新趋势新问题与治理创新研究”(批准号:24&ZD151)的阶段性成果。
关键词
新就业群体
外卖骑手
职业技能
收入水平
New forms of employment
Food-delivery riders
Occupational skills
Income returns
