摘要
随着我国经济社会向高质量发展转型,即时物流行业已从满足同城“最后一公里”需求,迈入“同城+跨城”协同驱动的新阶段,商务函件、紧急标书、生物医药制品、高附加值工业样品、高端生鲜等领域的跨城即时物流需求增速尤为显著,“小时级”或“当日达”极致时效的需求成为驱动物流行业升级的新引擎。然而,传统跨城快递依赖“集散—分拣—中转”的多环节作业模式,存在流程复杂、时效不确定、货损风险高、成本控制难等固有短板。我国高速铁路网络具有高频次、高准点、广覆盖、强稳定、绿色环保的运输优势,为破解跨城即时物流难题提供了得天独厚的战略性基础设施。中铁快运股份有限公司作为国铁集团直属物流企业创新推出“高铁急送”产品,旨在探索一种以铁路为主导的跨城即时物流新模式,具有重要的实践探索与理论研究价值。以“高铁急送”这一创新模式为研究对象,深入分析了即时物流行业的市场细分与竞争格局,指出跨城即时配送市场存在服务供给相对单一、高端市场被少数企业主导的现状,为“高铁急送”的差异化切入提供了市场空间。一是运营组织的革命性重构,创造性地以高速铁路图定运力为绝对核心与时间基准,构建了“干线先行、两端协同”的“点对点”直送体系,实现了从“货等车”到“车定时、货准时”的根本性转变。二是资源整合模式的战略性创新,通过采用“核心严控、两端开放”的轻资产策略,充分利用高铁干线运力核心资源,开放整合社会化末端配送资源,构建多方协同、价值共享的物流生态系统,有效破解末端配送瓶颈并实现了模式的快速复制。三是数字化平台的协同生态支撑,研究建立“数据驱动、智能调度、全程可控”的智慧平台架构,实现全链条数据融合、运力资源智能匹配与客户服务全程透明。“高铁急送”模式是我国铁路企业主动适应市场需求、利用战略基础设施进行现代物流创新的成功实践。“无人机+高铁”医疗配送、农产品出山等高铁急送运营实践,通过作业流程再造、资源整合范式创新与数字技术深度融合,构建了一个以高速铁路图定运力为确定性核心的跨城即时物流服务体系,验证了该模式在时效兑现率(超98%)、货物完好率及网络覆盖(近200个城市)方面的显著成效,并论证了其从商业产品向服务国家区域战略、乡村振兴、应急保障等领域的“战略基础设施”价值升华路径。
As China's economy and society transition towards high-quality development,the instant logistics industry has evolved from primarily meeting intra-city"last-mile"demands to a new stage driven by the synergy of"intra-city+inter-city"services.The demand for cross-city instant logistics has grown particularly significantly in fields such as business documents,urgent bids,biopharmaceutical products,high-value industrial samples,and premium fresh products.The demand for extreme time efficiency of"hourlevel"or"same-day delivery"has become a new engine driving the upgrading of the logistics industry.However,traditional intercity express delivery,which relies on a multi-stage operational model of"collection—sorting—transfer",has inherent shortcomings such as complex process,uncertain timeframes,high risk of cargo damage,and difficulties in cost control.Additionally,China's highspeed rail network,characterized by its high frequency,exceptional punctuality,extensive coverage,strong reliability,and environmental friendliness,provides a unique strategic infrastructure for overcoming these inter-city instant logistics challenges.As a logistics enterprise directly under the China State Railway Group,China Railway Express has innovatively launched the"High-Speed Railway Express"product,aiming to explore a new railway-led cross-city instant logistics mode,whic holds significant value for both practical exploration and theoretical research.Focusing on the innovative"High-Speed Railway Express"mode,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the market segmentation and competitive landscape within the instant logistics industry.It points out that the cross-city instant delivery market is characterized by relatively single service supply,with the high-end market dominated by a few enterprises—this provides market space for the differentiated entry of"High-Speed Railway Express".First,it represents a revolutionary restructuring of operational organization.The mode creatively takes the fixed high speed rail schedule as its absolute core and temporal benchmark,constructing a"point-to-point"direct delivery system characterized by"trunk-line priority and end-point synergy".This achieves a fundamental shift from"goods waiting for trains"to"fixed train schedules and on-time goods readiness".Second,it embodies a strategic innovation in resource integration.By adopting a capital-light strategy of"strict control over the core,openness at both ends".the mode fully leverages the core resource of high speed rail trunk-line capacity while openly integrating social last-mile delivery resources.This fosters a multi-level collaborative,value-sharing logistics ecosystem that effectively overcomes last-mile bottlenecks and enables rapid replication of the mode.Third,the mode is underpinned by a synergistic digital platform ecosystem.The study proposes a smart platform architecture featuring"data-driven,intelligent scheduling,and full-process control".This achieves full-chain data integration,intelligent matching of transport capacity resources,and full transparency in customer service throughout the process.The"High-Speed Railway Express"mode represents a successful practice of China's railway enterprises proactively adapting to market demands and leveraging strategic infrastructure for modern logistics innovation.Operational practices of"High-Speed Railway Express"such as"UAV+high speed rail"medical delivery and agricultural products going out of mountainous areas,have built a cross-city instant logistics service system centered on the deterministic core of fixed high speed rail transport capacity,achieved through the re-engineering of operational processes,innovative resource integration paradigms,and in-depth integration of digital technologies.These practices have validated the mode's significant performance in on-time delivery rate(over 98%),cargo integrity rate,and network coverage(nearly 200 cities),and demonstrate its value upgrading path from a commercial product to a strategic infrastructure that serves national regional strategies,rural revitalization,emergency support,and other fields.
作者
吴景海
李辰中
柴楠
熊赛
WU Jinghai;LI Chenzhong;CHAI Nan;XIONG Sai(China Railway Express Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China;Marketing Department,China Railway Express Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China)
出处
《铁道经济研究》
2026年第1期1-12,共12页
Railway Economics Research
基金
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(N2023X043)。
关键词
高铁急送
跨城即时物流
运营模式
高铁运力
现代物流体系
High-Speed Railway Express
cross-city instant logistics
operation mode
high speed railway transport capacity
modern logistics system
