摘要
目的了解云南亚高原地区急性药物中毒的流行病学特征,为制订针对性的防治措施提供证据。方法收集丽江市人民医院2014年1月—2022年12月收治的急性非农药药物中毒住院病例,对急性药物中毒病例涉及的药物种类、人群分布进行统计描述,采用χ^(2)检验分析发病率变化特征。结果共收集1116例病例,男性477例(42.74%)、女性639例(57.26%),男女性别比为1∶1.34;非意外中毒714例(63.98%),意外中毒402例(36.02%),男女非意外中毒比例为1∶2.70;发病年龄以18~30岁人群为主,13~17岁人群非意外中毒比例最高;无既往病史者676例(60.57%),有慢性病史者156例(13.98%),有精神疾病史者144例(12.90%);中毒药物以西药(512例,45.88%)、中草药(357例,31.98%)为主,西药中毒原因多为非意外中毒(65.69%),中草药多为意外中毒(511例,84.08%)。药品品种以附子(178例)为首位,其次为酚氨咖敏(155例)。结论云南亚高原地区急性药物中毒形势严峻,女性、青年和患有慢性病、精神疾病的患者是急性药物中毒的高发人群;青少年药物中毒原因中非意外中毒比例最高;附子、酚氨咖敏是引起急性药物中毒的最主要品种,附子以意外中毒为主,酚氨咖敏则以非意外中毒为主。医疗机构应根据不同人群开展防控工作。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of acute drug poisoning in the subplateau area of Lijiang,Yunnan Province.The findings will provide a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures.Methods Data were collected from inpatients with acute non-pesticide drug poisoning admitted to Lijiang People's Hospital between January 2014 and December 2022.The types of drugs involved in acute drug poisoning cases and the distribution of population were statistically described.The incidence of acute drug poisoning cases was analyzed using theχ^(2)test.Results A total of 1116 cases were included,comprising 477 males(42.74%)and 639 females(57.26%),resulting in a sex ratio of 1:1.34.Suicide accounted for 714 cases(63.98%),while accidental poisoning accounted for 402 cases(36.02%).The male-to-female suicide ratio was found to be 1∶2.70,with individuals aged 18-30 years being most affected by suicide,particularly those aged 13-17 years old having the highest proportion among suicides.Among all patients,676 cases(60.57%)had no previous medical history,156 cases(13.98%)had a chronic medical history,and 144 cases(12.90%)had a history of mental illness.The main types of poisonings were Western medicine(512 cases,45.88%)and Chinese herbal medicine(357 cases,31.98%).Poisoning by Western medicine was primarily due to suicide,accounting for 65.69%,whereas accidents caused most Chinese herbal medicine poisonings,at 84.08%.Aconite(Fuzi)was identified as the primary variety causing acute drug poisoning,with 178 cases,followed by phenolamine with 155 cases.Conclusion The acute drug poisoning situation in the Yunnan subplateau region is severe,with women,youth,and patients with chronic or mental illnesses being at high risk.Suicide is the leading cause of drug poisoning among adolescents.Aconite and phenolamine are the primary substances causing acute drug poisoning;aconite mainly causes accidental poisonings,while phenolamine primarily leads to suicide attempts.Prevention and control measures should be tailored to different populations.
作者
李小继
金琳
海水燕
宋建艳
王文璐
和佳琪
李国荣
LI Xiaoji;JIN Lin;HAI Shuiyan;SONG Jianyan;WANG Wenlu;HE Jiaqi;LI Guorong(Department of Pharmacy,Lijiang People's Hospital,Lijiang Yunnan 674199,China)
出处
《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》
2026年第2期242-246,共5页
China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine
基金
丽江市科技计划项目(ljsf20210003)。
关键词
急性药物中毒
亚高原地区
流行病学
防控
Acute drug poisoning
Subplateau region
Epidemiology
Prevention and control
