摘要
【目的】冬种紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L)配合氮肥减量是保障水稻稳产增产的有效措施。本研究旨在探究在不同稻区冬种紫云英配合减施40%化肥氮情况下,对稻米产量和糙米氨基酸含量及组成的影响。【方法】田间定位试验分别位于安徽、河南、江西和湖南4个省份。其中,河南和湖南的试验始于2008年,安徽和江西的试验分别始于2017、2016年,种植制度为紫云英–单季稻或紫云英–早稻–晚稻。所有试验均设置5个处理:冬闲不施肥对照(CK);施用100%化肥氮,冬闲(F100);冬种绿肥,不施氮肥(MV);冬种绿肥,施用60%化肥氮(MF60);冬种绿肥,施用100%化肥氮(MF100)。2020年,对水稻产量、籽粒蛋白质含量、糙米氨基酸总量以及必需、非必需氨基酸含量进行分析。【结果】MF60和MF100处理的多点平均稻谷产量和籽粒蛋白质含量与F100处理无显著差异,MF100、MF60和MV处理的糙米氨基酸总量比F100处理分别增加了32.8%、62.6%和35.7%,MF60处理的必需氨基酸总量较F100处理增加了30.7%。相比F100处理,必需氨基酸中,MF60处理的多点平均异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量分别增加了290.6%和37.1%,MV处理的苯丙氨酸含量增加了45.1%;非必需氨基酸中,MF60处理的多点平均脯氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸含量分别增加了309.3%、80.1%和279.5%,MV处理组氨酸、脯氨酸、半胱氨酸含量分别增加了139.7%、180.5%和103.1%。在各试验点中,安徽的MF60处理对糙米氨基酸含量的提升最显著,糙米氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量相比F100处理分别增加了190.8%和108.5%。相关分析结果表明,稻谷产量和籽粒蛋白质含量,糙米氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量均呈显著正相关。【结论】紫云英配合减施氮肥40%不仅能维持水稻产量,还可提高糙米氨基酸含量,提升稻米营养品质,是我国南方稻区水稻提质增效的重要措施。
【Objectives】The application of milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)combined with reduced nitrogen fertilizer is an effective measure to ensure stable and increased yield of rice.This study investigated the effects of milk vetch combined with a 40%reduction of chemical N fertilizer on grain yield,brown rice amino acid content and composition across different rice-producing regions.【Methods】Field experiments were established in Anhui,Henan,Jiangxi and Hunan provinces;those in Henan and Hunan began in 2008,whereas Anhui and Jiangxi started in 2017 and 2016,respectively.Cropping systems were milk vetch-single rice or milk vetch-early rice-late rice.All sites included five treatments:winter fallow without fertilization(CK);winter fallow with 100%chemical N(F100);milk vetch without fertilization(MV);milk vetch combined with 60%chemical N(MF60);milk vetch combined with 100%chemical N(MF100).Grain yield,protein concentration,total amino acid content,essential amino acidc ontent,and non-essential amino acid content in brown rice were determined in 2020.【Results】There was no significant difference in rice yield and grain protein content among MF60,MF100 and F100.Compared with F100,the total amino acid content of brown rice under MF100,MF60 and MV treatments increased by 32.8%,62.6%and 35.7%,respectively,and the essential amino acid content of MF60 treatment increased by 30.7%.Among the essential amino acids,the content of isoleucine and phenylalanine in MF60 treatment increased by 290.6%and 37.1%respectively compared with F100 treatment,and the content of phenylalanine in MV treatment increased by 45.1%compared with F100 treatment.Among the non-essential amino acids,the contents of proline,cysteine and tyrosine in MF60 treatment increased by 309.3%,80.1%and 279.5%respectively compared with F100 treatment,and the contents of histidine,proline and cysteine in MV treatment increased significantly by 139.7%,180.5%and 103.1%compared with F100 treatment.Among the sampling sites,the green manure treatment in Anhui Province had the most significant increase in the amino acid content of brown rice.The total amino acid content and the essential amino acid content of brown rice under MF60 increased by 190.8%and 108.5%,respectively,compared with F100 treatment.Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between grain yield and protein content,and between total amino acid content and the essential amino acid content in brown rice.【Conclusions】Milk vetch-rice rotation combined with 40%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer can maintain rice yield and improve the nutritional quality of brown rice,especially increase the amino acid content,demonstrating an important measure to improve the quality and efficiency of rice in southern China.
作者
葛环宇
张愉乐
常单娜
武际
吕玉虎
徐昌旭
聂军
高嵩涓
曹卫东
GE Huan-yu;ZHANG Yu-le;CHANG Dan-na;WU Ji;LÜYu-hu;XU Chang-xu;NIE Jun;GAO Song-juan;CAO Wei-dong(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Arable Land Conservation,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464001,China;Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;College of Resources and Environment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期37-49,共13页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200)
国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)
国家自然科学基金项目(32472842)。
关键词
紫云英-水稻轮作
氮肥减施
稻谷产量
籽粒蛋白质
糙米氨基酸组分
milk vetch-rice rotation
nitrogen fertilizer reduction
rice yield
grain protein
amino acid composition of brown rice
