摘要
大气颗粒物已成为我国近年来最严重的大气污染问题之一,对环境及社会带来许多问题。植物是减少大气颗粒物的天然过滤器,但其滞留效果受诸多因素影响。滞尘能力指植物通过叶片等结构拦截、吸附空气中悬浮颗粒物的效能。对影响植物滞尘的因素进行多尺度综合评述,揭示多尺度因素的耦合协同作用。在叶片尺度,叶片表面微观结构(毛状体、表面纹理、气孔、蜡质层等);叶片大小及形状;亲水性;离地高度;叶片寿命、不同表面和化学成分等都会影响叶片滞尘效率。在单株及群落尺度,植物类型、树冠形态结构、植被组成及结构也会影响滞尘能力。一些外界因素,如降雨、风、温度及湿度通过影响颗粒物的吸附或去除影响滞尘能力;颗粒物大小及成分则影响叶片对颗粒物的吸附及“改造”;季节和空气污染水平则主要影响环境中的颗粒物浓度,间接影响植物滞尘能力。植物滞尘能力是“微观-中观-宏观”跨尺度耦合协同的结果,合理进行城市绿地规划可以使植物发挥最大滞尘能力。此外,对常用的植物滞留大气颗粒物测定方法也进行了述评。未来需开展多尺度植物滞尘机理研究、植物滞尘动态恢复机制解析、群落植物配置优化、滞尘精确实验及综合模型构建以及人工干预技术研发,推动植物滞尘研究向“机理-应用-调控”全链条深化,为生态治霾与精准绿化提供科学支撑。
Atmospheric particulate matter has become one of the most severe air pollution challenges in China in recent years,posing significant threats to environmental quality,public health,and sustainable development.As natural air filters,plants play a crucial role in mitigating particulate pollution by capturing and retaining airborne particles on their surfaces.However,the dust retention efficiency of plants is influenced by a complex interplay of factors operating across multiple scales.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these factors,elucidating their coupling effects and synergistic interactions.At the leaf scale,the microstructure of the leaf surface—including trichomes,surface roughness,stomatal density,and wax layer composition—significantly impacts particle adhesion.Additionally,leaf morphology(size,shape,and hydrophilicity),ground clearance,longevity,and biochemical properties(e.g.,surface chemistry and electrostatic properties)further determine dust retention efficiency.For instance,rough and hairy leaf surfaces tend to capture more particles,while hydrophobic leaves may resist particle wash-off during rainfall.At the individual plant and community scales,plant species,canopy architecture(e.g.,branching pattern,leaf area index,and crown density),and vegetation composition(monoculture vs.mixed planting)influence dust retention capacity.Dense,multi-layered canopies with diverse plant forms enhance particle interception,while plant height and spatial arrangement affect airflow and particle deposition patterns.External environmental factors such as meteorological conditions(rainfall,wind speed,temperature,and humidity)modulate dust retention by altering particle adhesion and resuspension dynamics.For example,rainfall can cleanse leaves but may also redistribute particles,while high winds may dislodge accumulated dust.The physicochemical properties of particulate matter—such as particle size distribution,chemical composition,and hygroscopicity—also affect how particles interact with plant surfaces.Seasonal variations and pollution levels further influence ambient particle concentrations,indirectly shaping plant dust retention performance.The dust retention capacity of plants emerges from the cross-scale coupling of micro(leaf),meso(plant/community),and macro(environmental)factors.Optimizing urban green space planning—through strategic species selection,canopy structure design,and vegetation configuration—can maximize the dust removal potential of plants.This review also summarizes common methodologies for quantifying particulate matter retention on plants,including gravimetric analysis,microscopy,and remote sensing techniques.Future research should focus on:(1)multi-scale mechanistic studies of particle-plant interactions,(2)dynamic recovery mechanisms of dust retention after rain or wind events,(3)optimized plant community design for enhanced air purification,(4)precision experiments and integrated modeling of dust retention processes,and(5)development of artificial intervention technologies(e.g.,biomimetic surfaces or chemical treatments).Advancing these areas will deepen understanding across the“mechanism-application-regulation”chain,providing scientific foundations for ecological haze control and precision urban greening strategies.By systematically analyzing these factors,this study aims to support evidence-based urban planning and green infrastructure development,ultimately contributing to improved air quality and ecosystem services in polluted regions.
作者
唐敬超
靳闯
柏乔丹
孙宝娣
宋志文
徐爱玲
TANG Jingchao;JIN Chuang;BAI Qiaodan;SUN Baodi;SONG Zhiwen;XU Ailing(Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期618-634,共17页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(32301382)
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2020QC027)。
关键词
大气颗粒物
植物滞尘
影响因素
尺度
atmospheric particulate matter
plant dust retention
influencing factors
scales
