摘要
研究城市绿地树木对空气颗粒物的消减作用及对重金属元素的富集效应,可为探索城市绿地的环境净化功能提供科学依据。文章通过在沈阳市代表不同污染源区域设置斑块状绿地(英雄公园和北陵公园代表交通污染源,沈阳化工大学代表工业污染源,南湖公园代表商业和生活污染源,棋盘山森林公园代表相对清洁区)研究其对PM_(2.5)等颗粒物的消减效率规律,并选择典型树种油松研究叶片对重金属元素的富集效应。TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1)4种粒径颗粒物浓度总体上由高到低依次为英雄公园、北陵公园、沈阳化工大学、南湖公园和棋盘山森林公园。不同污染源区域绿地景观内距林缘不同位置处空气颗粒物浓度变化规律存在差异,与林分结构的"顶盖效应"以及空气污染状况关系密切。绿地景观对不同粒径空气颗粒物的消减效率的规律表现为棋盘山森林公园和南湖公园最高,英雄公园和北陵公园次之,沈阳化工大学最低。各污染源区域油松针叶的Cr、Hg、As、Pb、Cu和Cd含量均是多年生叶高于一年生叶;Zn和Ni含量则除南湖公园为多年生叶高于一年生叶外,其余均为多年生叶与一年生叶相差不大。As、Cu、Hg和Pb含量一年生叶和多年生叶间的差异显著;Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn含量则差异不显著。各区域间油松针叶重金属含量差异显著。除了Cr元素之外,土壤和叶片Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Pb 8种重金属元素含量均呈现出显著的正相关关系。斑块状绿地对空气颗粒物的消减作用较明显,随着污染源的强度增加有所减弱,同时受到林分结构的影响;树木叶片对重金属具有显著的累积效应,与土壤重金属含量显著正相关。
The studies focused on the abilities of adsorbing particulate matter in the air and enrich effects of heavy metal elements for trees,for the purpose to provide scientific basis for environmental purification function of urban green.Five patchy green landscape in different pollution sources in Shenyang were selected.The variation of reducing efficiency of trees in patchy green landscape on particulate matters was studied,and the enrichment effect of heavy metal elements on leaves of typical tree species(Pinus tabulaeformis)was studied as well.Hero Park and Zhao Mausoleum Park represented traffic pollution sources,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology represented industrial pollution sources,Nanhu Park represented commercial and domestic pollution sources,and Qipan Mountain Forest Park represented relatively clean areas.It showed that the concentration of TSP,PM_(10),PM_(2.5)and PM_(1)were Hero Park,Zhao Mausoleum Park,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Nanhu Park and Qipan Mountain Forest Park in order from high to low.There were obvious differences in the variation of air particulate concentration at different distance from border within the green landscape of different pollution sources area.It is closely related to the canopy effect of stand structure and air pollution.The reduction efficiency of green landscape for air particles with different particle sizes were shown as follows,the Nanhu Park and Qipan Mountain Forest Park were the highest,followed by Hero Park and Zhao Mausoleum Park,and Shenyang University of Chemical Technology was the lowest.The content of Cr,Hg,As,Pb,Cu and Cd in perennial needles for P.tabulaeformis were higher than that in its annual leaves;the content of Zn and Ni was similar to other heavy metal,except that in Nanhu Park.The contents of As,Cu,Hg and Pb were significantly different between annual and perennial leaves;however,the contents of Cd,Cr,Ni and Zn had no significantly differences.The content of heavy metals in P.tabulaeformis needles were significantly different among different regions.In addition to Cr,the content of As,Cd,Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni and Zn in soil and leaves all showed positively significant correlation.The reduction effect of patchy green landscape on air particulate matter was obvious,and it deceased with the increase of pollution source intensity,and was affected by the stand structure as well.Tree leaves had significant cumulative effect on heavy metals,which was significantly positively correlated with soil heavy metal content.
作者
魏文俊
张慧东
颜廷武
毛沂新
王睿照
WEI Wenjun;ZHANG Huidong;YAN Tingwu;MAO Yixin;WANG Ruizhao(Liaoning Academy of Forestry,Shenyang 110032,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期84-90,共7页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
辽宁省百千万人才资助项目(2020921023)
辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务计划项目(2021HQ1910)
关键词
城市绿地
颗粒物
重金属元素
净化作用
urban green
particulate matter
heavy metal elements
purification effect
