摘要
以毕节市七星关区为例,综合运用最邻近指数、泰森多边形、核密度估计、地理加权回归模型等方法分析喀斯特山区基础教育设施的空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:(1)七星关区基础教育设施空间分异显著,整体呈现由城镇向乡村逐渐递减的非均衡态势,表现为“西南多,东北少”的空间分布格局;除小学、初中、完全中学为均匀分布以外,其余基础教育设施均为凝聚型空间分布类型,不同学段设施的空间服务范围差异较为明显。(2)七星关区基础教育设施核密度分异较大,在空间上形成“一核、两带、多点”式格局,所有设施的核密度值以城区为中心呈现多“C”形态向东辐射到县域东部、北部一带。(3)七星关区基础教育设施内部教学资源空间冷热点呈现出“中部小集聚,四周大分散”的总体格局,热点区在中心城区和镇区呈现散星状和“十”字状分布,冷点区主要位于偏远的高海拔山区。(4)七星关区各类型基础教育设施空间分布受多种自然和人文因素的综合作用,其中城镇距离、道路距离、坡度、河流距离的影响最为显著。不同学段的基础教育设施空间分布特征研究可为喀斯特山区优化教育设施布局、促进教育公平公正、提升教育优质均衡水平提供参考依据。
Taking Qixingguan District of Bijie City as a case study,this article examines the spatial distribution and influencing factors of basic education facilities in Karst mountainous areas by applying the nearest neighbor index,Thiessen polygons,Kernel Density Estimation,and Geographically Weighted Regression.The findings reveal that:1)Basic education facilities in Qixingguan District show marked spatial heterogeneity,generally decreasing from urban to rural zones,with higher density in the southwest and lower density in the northeast.Such an unbalanced spatial pattern is closely related to the regional differences in economic development level and population agglomeration degree.Except for primary schools,junior high schools,and comprehensive secondary schools,which are more evenly distributed,other facility types exhibit clustered spatial patterns and vary notably in service coverage across educational levels.2)Kernel density analysis highlights a“one core,two belts,multiple points”spatial structure,with density values radiating outward from the urban center in a multi-arc pattern toward the eastern and northern parts of the district.The multi-arc radiation path not only takes the central urban area as the core but also connects several key towns,forming preliminary educational resource connection channels between urban and suburban areas.3)Distribution of teaching resources follows a pattern of“small clustered centers with broad peripheral dispersion.”Hotspots are scattered in starlike and cross-shaped formations in central urban areas and town centers,while cold spots are mainly found in remote high-altitude mountainous regions.Most cold spot areas are restricted by harsh natural conditions,resulting in relatively low accessibility of educational resources for local residents.4)Spatial arrangement of these facilities is shaped by both natural and socioeconomic factors,among which distance to urban centers,road accessibility,slope,and proximity to rivers exert the most significant influence.For instance,areas with gentle slopes and good road accessibility tend to have a higher concentration of basic education facilities,while areas far from rivers and urban centers have fewer facilities.This study offers insights for optimizing the spatial allocation of educational facilities in Karst mountain regions,with implications for promoting educational equity and balanced development.
作者
孙建伟
许伟
杨芳琴
罗静
罗可如
陈晓剑
Sun Jianwei;Xu Wei;Yang Fangqin;Luo Jing;Luo Keru;Chen Xiaojian(School of Geographical and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Mengcheng County Sixth Middle School,Bozhou 233500,Anhui,China;School of Economics,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China)
出处
《地理科学》
北大核心
2026年第2期465-477,共13页
Geographical Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42361028,42271228)
2024年度贵州省教育厅人文社会科学研究专项项目(24RWZX007)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般313)资助。
关键词
基础教育设施
空间分布特征
地理加权回归
七星关区
basic education facilities
spatial distribution characteristics
Geographically Weighted Regression
Qixingguan District
