摘要
传统人工割胶存在技术要求高、割胶效率低、死皮率偏高等缺点,探索高效采胶新技术与机械化、智能化采胶是实现天然橡胶产业高质量发展的必经之路。研究以人工割胶为对照,对固定式割胶机、电动割胶刀、微创采胶3种采胶方式开展比较试验,收集胶乳产量、干胶含量数据,并于年底停采后调查橡胶树死皮情况。结果表明,固定式割胶机与电动割胶刀的年干胶产量相差不大,均低于人工割胶,分别为人工割胶的76.35%和81.57%,微创采胶的年干胶产量略高于人工割胶,为人工割胶的108.20%。干胶产量的月度变化上,人工割胶波动小,固定式割胶机波动较大,微创采胶和电动割胶刀有一定波动。死皮情况调查发现,微创采胶树位的死皮率最低,固定式割胶机割胶树位的死皮率是人工割胶的3.6倍,电动割胶刀树位的死皮率与人工割胶树位的相近。
Currently,traditional manual rubber tapping suffers from drawbacks such as high technical requirements,low efficiency,and a relatively high incidence of tapping panel dryness(TPD).Exploring efficient new tapping technologies and mechanized,intelligent tapping machines is essential for achieving high-quality development in the natural rubber industry.This study used traditional manual tapping as the control and conducted experiments on three tapping methods:fixed tapping machines,electric tapping knives,and micro-tapping.Data on latex yield and dry rubber content for each method were collected,and a TPD survey was conducted after tapping ceased at year-end.The results showed that the annual dry rubber yield from fixed tapping machines and electric tapping knives was similar but lower than manual tapping,at 76.35%and 81.57%of the manual yield,respectively.Micro-tapping yielded slightly more dry rubber than manual tapping,at 108.20%.For monthly dry rubber output variation:manual tapping fluctuates slightly,fixed tapping machines greatly,and micro-tapping as well as electric tapping knives moderately.TPD surveys revealed that micro-tapping tree positions had the lowest dryness rate.The dryness rate for fixed-position tapping machines was 3.6 times that of manual tapping.The dryness rate for electric tapping knives was similar to that of manual tapping.
作者
高茜
王文兵
胡永华
李树生
邱彦芬
杨恩山
刘忠亮
肖再云
GAO Qian;WANG Wenbing;HU Yonghua;LI Shusheng;QIU Yanfen;YANG Enshan;LIU Zhongliang;XIAO Zaiyun(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree,Jinghong 666100,China;Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China;Mengla County Agricultural Reclamation Group Co.,Ltd,Mengla 666300,China)
出处
《热带农业科技》
2026年第1期95-99,共5页
Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology
基金
云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2025-9)
云南省现代农业橡胶产业技术体系采胶技术研究岗(2025KJTX-12-6)。
关键词
橡胶树
割胶技术
微创采胶
机械割胶
干胶产量
Hevea brasiliensis
tapping techniques
micro-tapping
mechanical rubber tapping
dry-rubber yield
