摘要
本文系统总结了安徽省石台县富硒稻高产栽培技术要点与示范成效。栽培技术要点包括选择珠两优570等富硒稻品种,温水浸种与药剂浸种,以提高种子出芽率并防治病害;秧苗3.5叶时移栽,移栽密度根据品种特性进行调整(杂交稻105万株/hm2,常规稻120万株/hm2);施用含硒有机肥实现硒元素补给,并采用浅-湿-干交替灌溉模式优化土壤环境;采取手工拔除和化学药剂(30%苄嘧磺隆丙草胺等)喷施方式防治禾本科及阔叶类杂草;采用物理(诱捕器)+生物(天敌生物)+化学(6%春雷霉素等)措施综合防治稻瘟病、稻飞虱等病虫害;稻穗黄熟度85%~90%、籽粒含水量18%~20%时收获,控制储存环境温度在10~15℃,湿度在65%~75%;加工环节设置去草、色选等工序去除杂质,提高大米品质。2023-2024年在石台县小河镇进行富硒稻高产栽培实践,其产量、产投比及稻米硒含量均有所提高。本文为富硒稻绿色高效生产提供参考。
This paper systematically summarized the key cultivation techniques and demonstration outcomes of high yield selenium-enriched rice production in Shitai County,Anhui Province.The key cultivation techniques include selecting selenium-enriched rice varieties such as Zhuliangyou 570,soaking seeds in warm water and applying chemical seed treatments to improve germination rates and control diseases;transplanting seedlings at the 3.5-leaf stage,with planting density adjusted according to varietal characteristics(1.05 million plants/hm2 for hybrid rice,1.20 million plants/hm2 for conventional rice);applying selenium-enriched organic fertilizers to supplement selenium content,and adopting a shallow-wet-dry alternating irrigation mode to optimize soil conditions;controlling weeds,including grasses and broadleaf weeds,through manual removal and chemical applications(30%bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor);implementing integrated pest management using physical(traps),biological(natural enemies),and chemical methods(6%kasugamycin)to control diseases and pests such as rice blast and brown planthoppers;harvesting when rice panicles reach 85%-90%maturity and grain moisture content is between 18%and 20%,and storing grains at temperatures of 10-15℃and humidity levels of 65%-75%;and incorporating impurity removal and color-sorting processes during postharvest processing to improve rice quality.From 2023 to 2024,selenium-enriched rice cultivation practice will be carried out in Xiaohe Town,Shitai County.The planting cost will decrease from 17175 yuan/hm^(2)to 12150 yuan/hm^(2),the yield(from 7950 kg/hm^(2)to 8250 kg/hm^(2))and production input ratio(from 1.18 to 1.66)will increase in 2024(after promoting high yield cultivation techniques)compared to 2022(before promoting high yield cultivation techniques).This study provides a reference for the green and efficient production of selenium-enriched rice.
作者
胡晓兵
涂徐孙
Hu Xiaobing;Tu Xusun(Xiaohe Town Agricultural,Rural,Cultural and Tourism Comprehensive Service Center,Shitai 245111,China;Shitai County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shitai 245100,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2026年第2期7-9,共3页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
关键词
富硒稻
栽培技术
产量
经济效益
selenium-enriched rice
cultivation techniques
yield
economic benefits
