摘要
华北作为典型的集约化农田区,秸秆不合理利用和地下水过度消耗是限制该地区农业可持续发展的重要因素。明确节水灌溉与秸秆还田对作物产量形成和水氮利用效率的交互作用,对制定适宜的灌溉方式尤为必要。试验于2020—2022年进行,以秸秆还田(S1)和不还田(S0)为主区,4种灌溉方式为副区:地表滴灌(DI)、地下滴灌(SDI)、地下滴灌下的根系交替灌溉(PRI)和漫灌(FP)。结果表明:秸秆还田和灌溉方式均会显著影响地上部生物量、氮素累积量、产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用率。与S0相比,S1条件下的小麦穗数提高了0.66%~25.55%,其中,SDI处理产量和氮素积累量最高,分别达8346.3和167.6 kg/hm^(2)(2020—2021年)、8759.3和168.5 kg/hm^(2)(2021—2022年)。秸秆还田具有提高水氮利用效率的潜力,且S1条件下,SDI处理较FP处理显著提高了平均水分利用效率(57.35%)、灌溉水利用效率(97.35%)、氮素利用率(48.75%)、氮素偏生产力(8.75%)。DI、SDI、PRI处理的两年平均氮素偏生产力较FP处理分别增加4.8%、8.8%、0.6%。相关性分析表明,不同秸秆还田条件下,灌水量的增加会增加土壤含水量,却会显著降低小麦水氮利用效率。综上所述,灌溉方式和秸秆还田均影响小麦产量及水氮利用效率,其中秸秆还田能提高小麦产量和水氮利用效率及土壤表层含水量和无机氮含量。选择秸秆还田下的地下滴灌处理,有利于实现产量和水氮利用效率的协同提升。
As a typical intensive agricultural area in northern China,improper use of straw and excessive consumption of groundwater are the key factors limiting the sustainable development of agriculture in this region.In particular,it is necessary to clarify the interaction between water-saving irrigation and straw incorporation on crop yield formation,water and nitrogen use efficiency,and to develop an appropriate irrigation method.The field experiment was conducted in 2020-2022,with two straw practices as the main plots:straw incorporation(S1)and straw removal(S0),and four irrigation methods as sub-plots:surface drip irrigation(DI),subsurface drip irrigation(SDI),partial rootzone irrigation under subsurface drip irrigation(PRI)and flood irrigation(FP).The results showed that both straw practices and irrigation methods significantly affected aboveground biomass,nitrogen accumulation,yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency.As compared to S0,the number of wheat spikes increased by 0.66%-25.55%under S1.And the the highest yield and nitrogen accumulation were found in SDI treatment,which were 8346.3 and 167.6 kg/hm^(2)(2020-2021),8759.3 and 168.5 kg/hm^(2)(2021-2022),respectively.Straw incorporation had the potential to improve water and nitrogen use efficiency,in which,the average water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were significantly increased by 57.35%,97.35%,48.75%and 8.75%,respectively,when compared to FP under S1.The two-year average partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of the DI,SDI and PRI treatments were increased by 4.8%,8.8%and 0.6%,respectively,when compared to FP treatment.Correlation analysis showed that increasing irrigation increased soil water content under different straw conditions,but significantly reduced wheat water and nitrogen use efficiency.In conclusion,both irrigation and straw practices affected wheat yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency,in which,straw incorporation was beneficial to increase wheat yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency and soil water and inorganic nitrogen content.Subsurface drip irrigation combined with straw incorporation was recommended to achieve the synergistic improvement of yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.
作者
刘杨
周静
梁晴
张鑫
LIU Yang;ZHOU Jing;LIANG Qin;ZHANG Xin(College of Resources and Environmental Science,HebeiAgricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071000;Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei,BaodingHebei 071000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第4期138-150,共13页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2024204133)
河北省重点研发计划项目(22326402D)。
关键词
冬小麦
滴灌
秸秆还田
产量
水氮利用效率
winter wheat
drip irrigation
straw incorporation
grain yield
water and nitrogen use efficiency
