摘要
[背景]药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)在水环境中的残留随着城市污染日益严重,引起了广泛关注。郑州市作为中部战略重要城市,水环境中的PPCPs的污染分析影响深远。[目的]对郑州市河流中的抗抑郁药类和抗生素类等PPCPs污染特征进行分析,并对其进行生态风险评估。[方法]对郑州市三条主干河流选点采样,全自动固相萃取浓缩后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对13种常见PPCPs(5种抗生素类和8种抗抑郁药类)进行定量分析,分析其污染特征,并利用风险熵法(RQ)对质量浓度较高的PPCPs进行生态风险评估。[结果]抗生素类诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星为主要污染物,检出率均为100%,抗抑郁药以文拉法辛和西酞普兰检出率最高,分别为92.3%和88.5%;抗生素检出浓度最高的是氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑,其质量浓度平均值是99.8 ng·L^(−1)和96.2 ng·L^(−1),抗抑郁药检出浓度最高的是文拉法辛和西酞普兰,平均值为15.2 ng·L^(−1)和1.35 ng·L^(−1)。三条河流污染物质量浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),贾鲁河和索须河采样点PPCPs平均质量浓度之和分别为83.4 ng·L^(−1)和100.4 ng·L^(−1),小清河污染程度要高于贾鲁河和索须河,污染物平均质量浓度总和为478.4 ng·L^(−1),其主要污染物是氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑。生态风险评价结果表明,小清河的磺胺甲恶唑RQ值为0.50~0.95,提示风险可控但需要采取干预措施;三条河流的诺氟沙星RQ值为0.10~0.30,提示中等风险;氧氟沙星和文拉法辛的RQ值大部分小于0.10,风险较低。[结论]郑州市河流存在一定的PPCPs污染,主要以氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑为主,其中小清河中的PPCPs浓度残留较高。初步风险评估结果表明,磺胺甲恶唑、诺氟沙星具有潜在的生态风险,应优先进行污染管控。
[Background]The residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)in aquatic environments have become an increasingly prominent urban pollution issue,attracting widespread attention.The analysis of PPCPs pollution in water environments holds profound implications in Zhengzhou,a strategically important city in central China.[Objective]To analyze the pollution characteristics of PPCPs,such as antidepressants and antibiotics,in rivers of Zhengzhou and assess associated ecological risk.[Methods]Water samples were collected from three rivers of Zhengzhou,and 13 PPCPs(5 antibiotics and 8 antidepressants)were analyzed quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)after automatic solid phase extraction.Risk quotient(RQ)was applied to assess ecological risk of PPCPs with high concentration.[Results]The primary antibiotics pollutants were norfloxacin and ofloxacin,both with a detection rate of 100%.Among antidepressants,venlafaxine and citalopram showed the highest detection rates at 92.3%and 88.5%,respectively.The detected antibiotics with the highest average concentrations included ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations of 99.8 ng·L^(−1)and 96.2 ng·L^(−1),respectively,while antidepressants venlafaxine and citalopram were detected with the highest average concentrations of 15.2 ng·L^(−1)and1.35 ng·L^(−1),respectively.The inter-river comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in contaminant loads(P<0.05).The sums of average PPCP concentrations at sampling points in the Jialu River and Suoxu River were 83.4 ng·L^(−1)and 100.4 ng·L^(−1),respectively.The Xiaoqing River exhibited higher pollution levels than both the Jialu and Suoxu Rivers,with a total average concentration of 478.4 ng·L^(−1),where ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were identified as the predominant pollutants.The results of ecological risk assessment indicated the RQ contributed by sulfamethoxazole ranged between 0.50−0.95 in the Xiaoqing River,suggesting a controllable risk but requiring prioritized mitigation strategies.The RQ values of norfloxacin were distributed within the range of 0.10-0.30,indicating a moderate ecological risk.The RQ values for ofloxacin and venlafaxine remained below 0.10,indicating a lower risk level.[Conclusion]PPCPs contamination is positive in the rivers of Zhengzhou,and sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin are the primary cantaminants.The Xiaoqing River exhibits the highest pollution levels.The initial risk assessment show that sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin pose potential ecological risks,requiring prioritized contamination management.
作者
王谢
马青青
卢素格
刘红丽
苏永恒
韩志伟
张聪恪
WANG Xie;MA Qingqing;LU Suge;LIU Hongli;SU Yongheng;HAN Zhiwei;ZHANG Congke(Public Health Inspection and Testing Center,Henan Center for Disease Control Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
北大核心
2025年第11期1330-1335,1413,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(LHGJ20230627,LHGJ20250134)。
关键词
河流
药品和个人护理品
污染分析
生态风险评价
river
pharmaceutical and personal care products
pollution analysis
ecological risk assessment
