摘要
【目的】本试验旨在探究不同比例鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混合青贮对发酵品质及瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响。【方法】将鲜苜蓿和燕麦干草按鲜重比为8︰2(AO1)、7︰3(AO_(2))、6︰4(AO3)均匀混合后青贮60 d,通过感官评分、测定营养成分、发酵品质、有氧稳定性以及瘤胃体外发酵参数评价不同比例鲜苜蓿和燕麦干草的青贮效果。【结果】(1)AO_(2)组混合青贮感官评分达18.87分,显著高于AO1和AO3组(P<0.05)。(2)AO1组青贮的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高,酸性洗涤纤维、灰分和可溶性碳水化合物量最低;各组间青贮的中性洗涤纤维含量无显著差异(P>0.05);AO1和AO_(2)组的饲草质量分值显著高于AO3组(P<0.05),其中AO1组分值最高,为60.39。有氧稳定性结果显示,AO_(2)组在有氧暴露条件下保持稳定的时间最长,AO3组次之,AO1稳定时间最短,分别为204.5、166.45和133.17 h。(3)AO1及AO_(2)组混合青贮中乳酸含量均显著高于AO3组(P<0.05)。(4)AO3组在各时间段的产气量均高于其余处理组;AO1组的干物质降解率和粗蛋白质降解率显著高于AO_(2)和AO3组(P<0.05),且随鲜苜蓿比例降低,混合青贮中性洗涤纤维降解率呈降低趋势(P=0.07),而各组间酸性洗涤纤维降解率无显著差异(P>0.05);AO1组的总挥发性脂肪酸、丁酸、氨态氮浓度显著高于AO_(2)及AO3组。【结论】鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混合比例控制在8︰2和7︰3时青贮发酵品质最优,体外消化率较高。该结果可为东北地区调制鲜苜蓿与燕麦干草混贮饲料提供参考。
【Objective】This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different mixing ratios of fresh alfalfa and oat hay on fermentation quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics when used for mixed silage.【Method】Fresh alfalfa and oat hay were uniformly mixed at fresh weight ratios of 8∶2(AO1),7∶3(AO_(2)),and 6∶4(AO3),and ensiled for 60 days.The silage effects were analyzed through sensory evaluation,and measurement of composition,fermentation quality,aerobic stability,and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters.【Result】①The sensory evaluation score of the AO_(2) mixed silage reached 18.87,was significantly higher than that of AO1 and AO3 groups(P<0.05).②AO1 silage had the highest contents of crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE),and the lowest contents of acid detergent fiber(ADF),Ash,and water soluble carbohydrates(WSC).There were no significant differences in neutral detergent fiber(NDF)among the groups(P>0.05).The forage quality scores of AO1 and AO_(2) groups were significantly higher than that of AO3 group(P<0.05),with AO1 silage having the highest score of 60.39.Aerobic stability results showed that the AO_(2) silage maintained stability for the longest time under aerobic exposure(204.5 h),followed by AO3(166.45 h),and AO1 had the shortest stability time(133.17 h).③The lactic acid content in the mixed silage of both AO1 and AO_(2) groups were significantly higher than that of AO3 group(P<0.05).④The gas production of AO3 group was higher than the other treatment groups at all time points.The dry matter degradation rate(DMD)and crude protein degradation rate(CPD)of AO1 group were significantly higher than those of AO_(2) and AO3 groups(P<0.05).As the proportion of fresh alfalfa decreases,the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate(NDFD)showed a decreasing trend among treatments(P=0.07),while no significant difference was found in acid detergent fiber degradation rate(ADFD)among groups(P>0.05).The total volatile fatty acid(TVFA),butyrate,and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)concentrations in AO1 group were significantly higher than those in AO_(2) and AO3 groups.【Conclusion】When the mixing ratio of fresh alfalfa to oat hay was controlled at 8∶2 and 7∶3,the silage fermentation quality was optimal,and the in vitro digestibility was high.It could provide a reference for producing mixed silage of fresh alfalfa and oat hay in Northeast China.
作者
杨嘉宇
何可可
焦柯锐
梁韵仪
陈雅坤
尹双双
杨鹏标
卜登攀
张元庆
赵连生
YANG Jiayu;HE Keke;JIAO Kerui;LIANG Yunyi;CHEN Yakun;YIN Shuangshuang;YANG Pengbiao;BU Dengpan;ZHANG Yuanqing;ZHAO Liansheng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China;Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2026年第1期212-223,共12页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301002)
中国农业科学院北方农牧业技术创新中心项目(BFGJ2023002)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS-17)
家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05-2025)。
关键词
鲜苜蓿
燕麦干草
混合青贮
体外发酵特性
fresh alfalfa
oat hay
mixed silage
in vitro fermentation characteristics
