摘要
试验旨在探究不同比例甘草茎叶与全株玉米混合青贮对绵羊体外发酵参数、营养物质降解率及瘤胃微生物区系的影响。选取甘草茎叶与全株玉米质量比为7∶3(G7Y3组)、6∶4(G6Y4组)、5∶5(G5Y5组)、4∶6(G4Y6组)和3∶7(G3Y7组)5组混合青贮作为底物进行体外发酵,测定体外发酵72 h内的产气参数、发酵参数、瘤胃微生物组成和营养物质降解率。结果显示,体外发酵3~36 h,G5Y5组的产气量最高,显著高于G7Y3组和G6Y4组(P<0.05)。体外发酵72 h时,G5Y5组pH值显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。G4Y6组、G5Y5组、G3Y7组的总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于G6Y4组与G7Y3组(P<0.05)。G5Y5组乙酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。G4Y6组丙酸和丁酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。G4Y6组干物质降解率、酸性洗涤纤维降解率、中性洗涤纤维降解率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是优势菌门。体外发酵12 h时,G4Y6组厚壁菌门丰度最高,显著高于G3Y7组(P<0.05);G3Y7组拟杆菌门丰度最高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。克里斯滕森氏菌肠杆菌R-7组、普雷沃氏菌属及理研氏菌科RC9肠群属为优势菌属。体外发酵12 h时,G6Y4组克里斯滕森氏菌肠杆菌R-7组丰度最高,显著高于G4Y6组与G3Y7组(P<0.05);G3Y7组普雷沃氏菌属丰度显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,甘草茎叶与全株玉米混合比例4∶6时体外营养物质降解率较高,对绵羊体外发酵参数和瘤胃微生物区系影响显著,但与混合比例5∶5时差异不显著,基于甘草茎叶最大限度利用,拟采用甘草茎叶与全株玉米混合比例5∶5进行混合青贮。
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of mixed silage with different ratios of licorice stems and leaves to whole-plant corn on the in vitro fermentation parameters,nutrient degradation rate,and rumen microbiota in sheep.Five mixed silage groups with licorice-to-corn ratios of 7∶3(group G7Y3),6∶4(group G6Y4),5∶5(group G5Y5),4∶6(group G4Y6),and 3∶7(group G3Y7)were used as substrates for in vitro fermentation.Gas production parameters,fermentation characteristics,rumen microbial composition,and nutrient degradation rates were measured over 72 hours.The results showed that after in vitro fermentation for three to 36 hours,the gas production of group G5Y5 was the highest,significantly higher than that of groups G7Y3 and G6Y4(P<0.05).At 72 hours of in vitro fermentation,the pH value of group G5Y5 was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P<0.05).The content of total volatile fatty acids in groups G4Y6,G5Y5 and G3Y7 was significantly higher than those in groups G6Y4 and G7Y3(P<0.05).The content of acetic acid in group G5Y5 was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid in group G4Y6 were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The dry matter degradation rate,acid detergent fiber degradation rate,and neutral detergent fiber degradation rate of group G4Y6 were significantly higher than those of the other groups(P<0.05).The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla.At 12 hours of in vitro fermentation,the abundance of the Firmicutes in group G4Y6 was the highest,significantly higher than that of the group G3Y7(P<0.05).The abundance of Bacteroidetes in group G3Y7 was the highest,significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The dominant bacterial genera were the Christensenellaceae R-7 group,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group.At 12 hours of in vitro fermentation,the abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group in group G6Y4 was the highest,significantly higher than that of groups G4Y6 and G3Y7(P<0.05).The abundance of Prevotella in group G3Y7 was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The study indicates that when the mixture ratio of licorice stems and leaves to whole-plant corn is 4∶6,the degradation rate of nutrients in vitro is relatively high,and it has a significant impact on the in vitro fermentation parameters and rumen microbial community of sheep.However,the difference is not significant compared with the mixture ratio of 5∶5.Based on the maximum utilization of licorice stems and leaves,it is proposed to use a mixture ratio of 5∶5 for silage.
作者
高崎峰
孙瑜良
刘浩南
唐利敏
刘放鹏
贾春英
于厚军
蒋涛
GAO Qifeng;SUN Yuliang;LIU Haonan;TANG Limin;LIU Fangpeng;JIA Chunying;YU Houjun;JIANG Tao
出处
《饲料研究》
北大核心
2025年第14期1-9,共9页
Feed Research
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区奶产业技术体系项目(项目编号:XJARS—11)
第三师图木舒克市师市重点领域科技攻关项目(项目编号:S2023LY00007)
塔里木大学校长基金自然科学项目(项目编号:TDZXZX202303)
塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室研究型一般项目(项目编号:KY2023GG02)
兵团农业关键核心技术攻关项目(项目编号:NYHXGG2023AA205)。
关键词
甘草茎叶
全株玉米
混合青贮
体外发酵
微生物多样性
绵羊
icorice stems and leaves
whole-plant corn
mixed silage
in vitro fermentation
microbial diversity
sheep
