摘要
试验旨在探究乳酸菌、残次苹果及其组合对四翅滨藜青贮品质及饲用价值的影响,分别设置100%四翅滨藜青贮组(Ⅰ组)、乳酸菌组(Ⅱ组)、乳酸菌与残次苹果组合(Ⅲ组)和残次苹果组(Ⅳ组),分析青贮的化学成分、青贮品质、微生物多样性,测定其体外瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的感官品质等级分别为劣、良、优和良。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组青贮后的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),粗蛋白(CP)、乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)含量均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属相对丰度均高于Ⅰ组,变形菌门、葡萄球菌属和杂菌的相对丰度均低于Ⅰ组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的体外产气量、营养物质降解率和代谢能(ME)均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其中,Ⅲ组的NDF、ADF和NH3-N/TN分别为48.85%、34.01%和6.86,是4组中最低的;而CP、LA和AA含量分别为6.51%、3.160%和0.405%,乳杆菌属相对丰度达70.20%,高于其他处理组;72 h累积产气量(GP72 h)、ME、干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、有机物降解率(OMD)显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上所述,30%残次苹果+70%四翅滨藜添加1.58×10~6 CFU/g乳酸菌的青贮营养价值最好,改善了青贮的发酵品质,增强了四翅滨藜青贮的体外发酵效果和饲用价值。
This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus,inferior apples,and their combinations on the quality and feed value of silage made from Atriplex canescens.Four treatment groups were established:100%Atriplex canescens silage(groupⅠ),Lactobacillus silage(groupⅡ),Lactobacillus and inferior apples combination(groupⅢ),and inferior apples silage(groupⅣ).The research analyzed the chemical composition,silage quality,microbial diversity,and in vitro rumen degradation characteristics of the silages.The results showed that the sensory quality grades of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣwere inferior,good,excellent,and good,respectively.After silaging,groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,andⅣexhibited significantly lower neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(NH3-N/TN)levels than groupⅠ(P<0.05),while their crude protein(CP),lactic acid(LA),and acetic acid(AA)contents were significantly higher.Additionally,Firmicutes and Lactobacillus relative abundances in groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,andⅣwere higher than in groupⅠ,whereas Proteobacteria,Staphylococcus,and miscellaneous bacteria relative abundances were lower.GroupsⅡ,Ⅲ,andⅣdemonstrated significantly higher in vitro gas production,nutrient degradation rates,and metabolic energy(ME)than groupⅠ(P<0.05).Notably,groupⅢrecorded the lowest NDF,ADF,and NH3-N/TN values at 48.85%,34.01%,and 6.86%respectively among the four groups.The CP,LA,and AA content was 6.51%,3.160%,and 0.405%,respectively,with Lactobacillus genus abundance reaching 70.20%higher than other treatment groups.The cumulative gas production(GP72 h),ME,dry matter degradation rate(DMD),neutral detergent fiber degradation rate(NDFD),acid detergent fiber degradation rate(ADFD),and organic matter degradation rate(OMD)were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,the silage formulation containing 30%inferior apples,70%Atriplex canescens,and 1.58×10⁶CFU/g Lactobacillus exhibited optimal nutritional value.This formulation improved silage fermentation quality,enhanced in vitro fermentation efficiency,and increased the feed value of Atriplex canescens silage.
作者
谭鼎
李博
王栋
彭宏鑫
马旭彤
赵丞溥
苏华维
蒋慧
TAN Ding;LI Bo;WANG Dong;PENG Hongxin;MA Xutong;ZHAO Chengpu;SU Huawei;JIANG Hui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Corps,Key Laboratory of Animal Grass Resources Utilization Around Tarim,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Alar 843300,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2026年第1期164-171,共8页
Feed Industry
基金
中国科学院抢占科技制高点攻坚专项项目[GJ05040103]
教育部基本科研业务费-对口支援科研合作基金项目[ZNLH202203、2022TC127]。
关键词
四翅滨藜
乳酸菌
残次苹果
青贮品质
体外降解
微生物多样性
Atriplex canescens
Lactobacillus
residue apples
silage quality
in vitro degradation
microbial diversity
