摘要
平台经济下,算法等非传统管理手段正不断突破传统从属性认定标准,致使劳动者权益保障面临困境。最高人民法院《第42批指导性案例》虽提出“支配性劳动管理”标准,但其法理基础与适用路径仍显薄弱。实际上,“支配性劳动管理”并非脱离传统从属性理论的全新标准,而是对该理论的深化与量化。其间的法理逻辑在于构建双重对应关系:以“从属性”的有无判断“劳动管理”的存在与否,进而以“从属性”的强弱判断是否构成“支配性劳动管理”,以此弥合新旧业态认定标准的断层。同时,对从属性要件进行递进式解构:首先,确立“人格从属性为主,经济与组织从属性为辅”的审查优先级;其次,在各类从属性内部,细致划分并加权核心要素(如“劳动过程受管理控制”“丧失工作自主性”)与其他要素;最后,通过综合衡量各要素是否满足要件、各要件累积强度是否构成“较强的从属性”,形成一条可量化的司法审查路径,最终落脚于“支配性劳动管理”的认定。以此为平台用工关系的认定提供坚实的法理支撑与清晰的操作指引,统一劳动关系认定标准,为新业态劳动者的权益保障奠定坚实基础。
In the platform economy,non-traditional management methods such as algorithms are increasingly challenging the traditional criteria for determining subordination,posing difficulties in protecting workers'rights.Although the 42nd Batch of Guiding Cases issued by the Supreme People's Court has introduced the"dominant labor management"standard,its jurisprudential underpinnings and applicative framework remain weak.This article argues that"dominant labor management"is not a new standard detached from traditional theory,but rather a deepening and quantification of that theory.Its jurisprudential logic lies in constructing a dual correspondence:the presence or absence of"subordination"determines the existence of"labor management,"and the degree of"subordination"in turn determines whether it constitutes"dominant labor management."This approach bridges the normative gap in determination standards between new and traditional forms of employment.To operationalize this,the article proposes a progressive deconstruction of the elements of subordination.Firstly,it establishes a review priority where personal subordination is primary,supplemented by economic and organizational subordination.Secondly,within each type of subordination,it distinguishes and weights core factors(such as"labor process under management control"and"loss of work autonomy")with other elements.Finally,by comprehensively assessing whether these factors meet the requirements and whether their cumulative intensity constitutes"stronger subordination,"a quantifiable judicial review path is formed,culminating in the determination of"dominant labor management."This thereby provides a solid jurisprudential foundation and clear operational guidelines for identifying platform work relationships,aims to harmonize the standards for labor relation determination and lays a firm groundwork for protecting workers’rights in new forms of employment.
作者
袁卿
郑旭阳
YUAN Qing;ZHENG Xu-yang(Xinjiang University,Wulumuqi,830046)
出处
《中国劳动》
2025年第5期32-47,共16页
China Labor
基金
最高人民法院2024年度司法研究青年项目《新业态从业人员劳动权益保障问题研究》,项目编号:GFZDKT2024C06-2
自治区高校基本科研业务费一般项目《新质生产力背景下新疆劳动者权益保障研究》,项目编号:XJEDU2025J027。
关键词
平台用工
算法管理
劳动关系
支配性劳动管理
从属性理论
platform work
algorithmic management
labor relations
dominant labor management
subordination theory
