摘要
植物细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450, CYP450)酶是一类重要的血红素结合蛋白,该酶由于其还原态与一氧化碳结合后在450 nm有一处特征性的吸收峰而得名。作为植物中最大的单加氧酶超家族之一,CYP450酶通过催化羟基化、环氧化、脱烷基化等多种氧化反应,广泛参与生长发育、次生代谢合成及逆境防御等生物学过程,被誉为“万能的生物催化剂”。在生物胁迫(如病原菌侵害、虫害取食)条件下,植物通过激活CYP450介导的苯丙烷类、萜类、脂肪酸类、硫代葡萄糖苷类等多种次生代谢途径,合成具有抗虫或抗菌活性的化合物,从而增强植物抵御病虫害的能力。近年来,随着高通量测序技术和分子生物学的发展,已在多种植物中对参与相关生物过程的CYP450酶进行了分离、筛选及功能鉴定。鉴于此,本文结合CYP450酶的命名、结构特点以及在植物中的分类和分布,重点介绍CYP450家族基因在植物次生代谢物合成以及生物胁迫响应方面的研究进展,为植物CYP450家族基因的挖掘及功能研究提供参考,同时为基于此的次生代谢物合成及生物胁迫响应中的作用提供依据。
Plant cytochrome P450(CYP450)enzymes constitute a critical class of heme-binding proteins,distinguished by the characteristic 450 nm absorption peak in their reduced carbon monoxide-bound form.As one of the largest single oxygenase superfamilies in plants,CYP450 enzymes are widely involved in various biological processes such as growth and development,secondary metabolism synthesis,and stress defense by catalyzing multiple oxidation reactions including hydroxylation,epoxidation,and dealkylation.They are thus hailed as“universal biological catalysts”.Under biotic stress conditions(such as pathogen invasion and pest feeding),plantactivate CYP450-mediated secondary metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoids,terpenoids,fatty acids,and glucosinolates to synthesize compounds with pesticidal or antimicrobial properties,thereby enhancing the plant’s ability to resist pests and diseases.In recent years,with the development of highthroughput sequencing technology and molecular biology,multiple CYP450 enzymes associated with these biological processes have been isolated,screened,and functionally characterized in diverse plant species.In view of this,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the nomenclature,structural characteristics,classification and distribution of CYP450 enzymes in plants.Concurrently,it focuses on introducing the research progress of CYP450 family genes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and biotic stress responses.It provides a reference for the mining and functional study of CYP450 family genes in plants,as well as provides a basis for the role of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and biotic stress response based on this.
作者
王嘉
高暝
赵耘霄
陈益存
汪阳东
WANG Jia;GAO Ming;ZHAO Yun-xiao;CHEN Yi-cun;WANG Yang-dong(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding,Hangzhou 311400)
出处
《生物技术通报》
北大核心
2025年第12期27-39,共13页
Biotechnology Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200603)
浙江省科技创新领军人才项目(2022R52028)。
关键词
细胞色素P450
命名
结构特点
次生代谢物合成
生物胁迫
cytochrome P450
nomenclature
structural characteristics
secondary metabolites biosynthesis
biotic stresses
