摘要
[目的]作为一种秸秆还田新方案,利用秸秆生物炭和使用植物次生代谢物进行防治病虫害的药肥一体化方案可以达到改良土壤环境、减少化肥农药的使用量进而使温室气体排放减少的目的。[方法]本研究主要探讨精油凝珠对供试昆虫白星花金龟Potosia brevitasis蛴螬幼虫的毒力测定和药肥一体化产品对玉米生长发育的影响。通过渗析袋测试法对4种含碳的农药助剂进行药物增透性比较,选取最优增透剂;将上述优化配方对供试白星花金龟蛴螬幼虫进行毒力测定,通过测定LC_(50)和LC_(90)值来选用最优精油种类和浓度;再将药肥一体化成品对供试植株玉米进行网室栽培试验,测定玉米生长期的性状指标和生理生化指标来对药肥一体化产品进行综合评价。[结果]大蒜精油凝珠在栽培基质中的LC_(50)和LC_(90)分别为14.33 mg/mL和26.14 mg/mL;栽培试验结果显示在六组试验生物炭+全药(玉米秸秆炭+360 g精油凝珠处理)、生物炭+1/2药(玉米秸秆炭+180 g精油凝珠处理)、生物炭+1/4药(玉米秸秆炭+90 g精油凝珠处理)、生物炭(玉米秸秆炭处理)、CK(正常肥料处理)、秸秆还田(玉米秸秆处理)中,生物炭+1/2药处理的指标优于其他组,表明生物炭+1/2药处理组合为最佳的药肥一体化方案,玉米秸秆炭使用量为4.9 t/hm^(2),大蒜肉桂精油凝珠使用量为3.67 t/hm^(2)(分别使用大蒜精油174.46 kg/hm^(2)和肉桂精油87.23 kg/hm^(2))。[结论]基于玉米秸秆生物炭和大蒜肉桂精油的药肥一体化产品(CK+1/2药+秸秆炭组合)对玉米有促进生长的作用,表明产品在供试植株的室外试验表面对植株干物质积累有显著影响。本研究结果提供了一种秸秆还田新方式,并验证了运用植物精油来防治地下害虫的可行性。
【Objectives】As a new straw returning scheme,utilization straw biochar and plant secondary metabolites to control pests and diseases is a new method,could achieve the goal of improving soil environment,reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,and thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions.【Methods】This study aiming to investigate the toxicity of essential oil beads to Potosia brevitasis larvae,the effects of the integrated products of pesticides and fertilizer affection on the growth and development of maize.The drug penetration enhancer of four kinds of pesticide additives containing carbon was compared by means of dialysis bag test,and the best anti-reflection agent was selected.The toxicity of pesticide on the Potosia brevitasis larvae was determined.LC_(50) and LC_(90) were used to select the best essential oil species and concentrafion.Finally,the integrated product of pesticide and fertilizer was eultivated in the net room of the testing maize,to evaluate the integrated product,physiological and biochemical indicators of the maize trait were determined during the growth period.【Results】LC_(50),and LC_(90),of garlic essential oil beads in cultivation medium were 14.33 mg/mL.and 26.14 mg/mL respectively.After the cultivation experiment,it was coneluded that the six groups tested biochar+whole pesticide(corn straw charcoal+360 g essential oil coagulation treatment),biochar+1/2 pesticide(corn straw charcoal+180 g essential oil coagulation treatment),biochar+1/4 pesticide(corn straw chareoal+90)Among g essential oil coagulation treatment),biochar(corn stalk charcoal treatment),CK(normal fertilizer treatment),and straw return to field(corn stalk treatment),the corresponding indexes of biochar+1/2 drug treatment were superior to those of other groups.Therefore,the final combination of biochar+1/2 drug treatment was the best drug and fertilizer integration formulation,and the amount of carbon used in corn stalk was 4.9t/hm^(2).The use of garlic cinnamon essential oil clots was 3.67 t/hm^(2)(garlic essential oil 174.46 kg/hm^(2) and cinnamon essential oil 87.23 kg/hm^(2),respectively).【Conclusion】The integrated product of pesticide and fertilizer based on corm straw biochar and garlíc cinnamon essential oil(CK+1/2 pesticide+straw carbon combination)can promote the growth of the tested maize,and the final produet has a signifieant effeet on the dry matter acoumulation of the tested plants on the outdoor test surface.The results will provide a new method to return straw to the field,and verify the feasibility of using plant essential oil to control underground pests.
作者
卢伟平
邵明
苏亚飞
黄求应
Lu Weiping;Shao Ming;Su Yafei;Huang Qiuying(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
基金
华中农业大学省级创新训练项目(S202010504004)
