摘要
镁合金具备轻质、强阻尼性能、高比强度等特点,在航天领域拥有广阔的应用前景。高强韧铸造镁合金的力学性能提升主要依靠稀土元素高合金化,铸件制备所需的原材料成本高,且大量稀土元素会导致熔体制备流程复杂、铸造成形工艺性不佳,开裂和收缩类缺陷形成倾向强。材料配方、制备和铸造成形性方面的问题造成镁合金铸件强韧性、成形质量与低成本之间仍存在显著矛盾。随着我国对轻量化、低成本高端装备的需求日益迫切,开发出具备从原材料到铸件制备全流程低成本化的铸造镁合金材料具有重要意义。本文基于合金化、熔配工艺以及成形性3个方面,综述了当前低成本铸造镁合金的研究现状。展望了未来铸造镁合金低成本化的研究方向,旨在为新型低成本铸造镁合金的材料配方及配套工艺研发提供参考。
Magnesium alloys possess characteristics such as lightweight,superior damping performance,and high specific strength,offering a bright application prospect in the field of aerospace.The improvement of mechanical properties in high-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloys primarily relies on alloying of rare earth elements.The raw material costs for casting production are high,and the extensive use of rare earth elements leads to complex molten material preparation processes,poor formability,and a strong tendency for defects such as cracking and shrinkage.Issues related to material formulation,preparation,and casting formability also result in significant trade-offs between the strength,toughness,forming quality,and low cost of magnesium alloy castings.With China's growing demands for lightweight,low-cost high-end equipment,developing cast magnesium alloys with a full-process cost-effective approach holds important significance.This paper reviews the current research status on low-cost cast magnesium alloys based on three aspects:alloying,melting preparation process,and formability.It also envisions future directions for achieving low-cost characteristics in cast magnesium alloys,aiming to provide references for the development of new low-cost cast magnesium alloy material compositions and supporting process technologies.
作者
华溪如
董喜旺
吴海
陈林枫
黄鑫垚
刘波
杨力祥
杨唯一
肖旅
HUA Xiru;DONG Xiwang;WU Hai;CHEN Linfeng;HUANG Xinyao;LIU Bo;YANG Lixiang;YANG Weiyi;XIAO Lv(Shanghai Aerospace Precision Machinery Institute,Shanghai 201600,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《精密成形工程》
北大核心
2025年第12期73-84,共12页
Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(U24B2052)。
关键词
镁合金
铸造
低成本
合金化
熔配工艺
magnesium alloys
casting
low-cost
alloying
melting and blending process
