摘要
在农村劳动力外流、务农群体老龄化与小规模经营格局叠加的背景下,经营效率不高成为制约我国农业强国建设的关键因素。农业生产托管作为一种新型制度安排,逐步成为破解效率洼地的重要路径。本研究首先分析了农业强国建设的制度需求,提出当前农业经营体系中的三类效率提升路径:土地规模化、服务规模化和资金规模化,并结合调研数据指出未能进行以上三类规模化的农户效率较低。其次,本研究基于政策文本与山西调研案例梳理了农业生产托管的概念、政策目标与运行模式,强调其核心在于以财政弥补社会化服务对小农覆盖不足从而提升农业经营效率。本研究根据调研指出托管实践存在的问题:一是托管真实成本过高,二是补贴对市场造成负面冲击,三是补贴服务领域需要拓宽,四是服务风险界定不清。为确保农业生产托管的可持续性及其对农业强国目标的长期支撑,未来需提高服务主体和农户的组织化程度,进一步完善财政补贴方案,拓宽主体服务领域并健全风险防范制度,形成财政支持与市场机制的良性耦合。
Against the backdrop of rural labor outflow,aging farming populations,and the prevalence of small-scale farm⁃ing,low operational efficiency has become a key limiting factor in China's efforts to build an agricultural powerhouse.Agricul⁃tural production trusteeship,as a new institutional arrangement,has gradually emerged as an important pathway to address effi⁃ciency bottlenecks.This study begins by analyzing the institutional requirements for building a strong agricultural sector,and identifies three efficiency enhancement strategies within the current agricultural management system:land scale expansion,ser⁃vice scale expansion,and capital scale expansion.Drawing on survey data,the study highlights that farmers who fail to achieve these three types of scaling generally exhibit lower efficiency.Secondly,based on policy texts and case studies from Shanxi Prov⁃ince,this research examines the concept,policy objectives,and operational models of agricultural production trusteeship.It em⁃phasizes that the core of this system lies in using fiscal incentives to compensate for the insufficient coverage of socialized ser⁃vices for smallholder farmers,thereby improving agricultural efficiency.Further,the study identifies key issues within trustee⁃ship practices,including:(1)excessively high actual costs of trusteeship services,(2)negative market impacts caused by subsi⁃dies,(3)limited scope of subsidy-supported services,and(4)unclear risk definitions in services.To ensure the sustainability of agricultural production trusteeship and its long-term contribution to the goal of building a strong agricultural sector,future efforts should focus on improving the organizational capacity of service providers and farmers,refining fiscal subsidy schemes,broaden⁃ing the scope of services provided by trusteeship entities,and establishing comprehensive risk prevention mechanisms.This ap⁃proach aims to create a positive coupling between fiscal support and market mechanisms.
作者
李愿
孔祥智
Li Yuan;Kong Xiangzhi
出处
《经济学家》
北大核心
2025年第12期105-114,共10页
Economist
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善城乡融合发展体制机制研究”(2024MZD019)
中国人民大学重大规划项目“中国农村合作经济史”(23XNLG05)。
关键词
农业生产托管
社会化服务
农业强国
农业现代化
Agricultural Production Trusteeship
Socialized Services
Agricultural Powerhouse
Agricultural Moderniza⁃tion
