摘要
与粮食生产脱钩的收入性补贴能否发挥保障国家粮食安全的作用,学术界对此存在争议。本文基于全国农村固定观察点2009—2021年的农户调查数据,应用结合工具变量法的双向固定效应模型,实证分析了收入性补贴对小麦、稻谷、玉米全要素生产率增长的影响效果和作用机制。结果显示:收入性补贴能促进稻谷、玉米种植户的技术进步进而带动其全要素生产率增长,但这一影响存在一定的滞后性;即便在考虑收入性补贴影响的滞后性后,收入性补贴对小麦全要素生产率增长的影响仍不显著;收入性补贴对兼业化水平较低的稻谷和玉米种植户、小规模稻谷种植户、大规模玉米种植户的全要素生产率增长的影响比较显著。以此为基础,本文提出了相应的政策建议,以充分发挥收入性补贴对粮食全要素生产率增长的作用,保障国家粮食安全。
Ensuring a stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products has always been the top priority of building China into a strong agricultural country.To achieve this,the Chinese government has been actively exploring subsidy policies to ensure the national food security—income subsidy policies.Prior to 2016,the income subsidy policies mainly included direct grain subsidies,seed subsidies and subsidies for agricultural materials.After 2016,farmland fertility protection subsidies became dominant.On the whole,the implementation of income subsidy policies has had positive impacts on the grain supply capacity and farmers'income level.However,few studies have paid attention to the impact of income subsidy policies on China's grain production efficiency.Therefore,it is worth considering whether the income subsidy policies have an impact on the growth of total factor productivity(TFP)of grain production?Is the impact different across rice,corn and wheat production?Are there heterogeneous effects among farmers with different levels of parttime occupation and different grain production scales?It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to explore the mechanism of how income subsidy policies influence the growth of TFP of grain production and to evaluate such effect.Based on the nationally representative rural household data collected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China from 2009 to 2021,this paper estimates the overall impact,specific mechanism and lag effect of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of grain production,and compares and analyzes the differences in the impact of income subsidies on wheat,rice and corn.The research results are as follows.(1)Income subsidies have no significant impact on the current TFP growth of different crops,but they have significant and positive effects on the TFP growth of rice and corn production when considering the time lag.(2)From the perspective of mechanism,income subsidies increase TFP of grain production mainly by encouraging rice and corn growers to adopt new technologies and promoting technological progress.(3)Even with the consideration of time lag,the effect of income subsidies policy on TFP of wheat production is still insignificant.This is mainly because the subsidy payment occurs after the time of wheat sowing and even the whole growth period.In addition,the supply of new technologies for China's wheat industry is relatively insufficient,and the income growth brought by the subsidy does not generate enough incentive for wheat growers to adopt new technologies and achieve technological progress.(4)The effects of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of rice and corn production are different among farmers at different levels of part-time occupation and in different grain production and operation scales.In general,income subsidies have a significant role in promoting the TFP of rice and corn farmers with low level of part-time occupation,smallscale rice farmers,and large-scale corn farmers.In this regard,this paper puts forward policy implications to give full play to income subsidies in increasing TFP of grain production and ensure national food security.The possible contributions of this paper lie in the following three aspects.First,this paper builds a theoretical framework to illustrate the impact of income subsidies on the TFP of grain production.Based on the panel data of a large sample of nationally representative rural households collected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China from 2009 to 2021,this paper applies the two-way fixed effect model combined with instrumental variable method to quantitatively evaluate the impact of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of grain.Second,this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the impact of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of wheat,rice and corn and the mechanisms.In addition,considering that the issuance time of income subsidies does not match the growth period of different crops,and it takes time for farmers to improve yield and TFP through adopting new technologies,this paper also discusses whether income subsidies have a time lag effect on promoting the TFP of grain production from a dynamic perspective.Third,this paper explores the impact of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of grain farmers at different levels of part-time occupation and different grain production scales,providing insights for understanding the heterogeneous impacts of income subsidies on the growth of TFP of grain production.
作者
高鸣
魏佳朔
GAO Ming;WEI Jiashuo(Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;National Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute,China Agricultural University)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期143-161,共19页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社科基金项目(22BJY218)的资助
