摘要
预备行为实行化是立法者为了前置刑事处罚的范围而采取的重要立法手段。目前学界对其罪名范围的界定较为混乱,而且还存在着泛化理解的趋势。为了合理界定其范围,必须深入考察其立法目的。预备行为实行化属于预防性刑法观的表现形式,它更强调的是预备行为引发后续犯罪的风险。立法者采取这一立法模式,具有填补处罚漏洞与减轻控方证明责任的功能。据此,分则中许多罪名都属于表象的预备行为实行化,应予以排除。以是否独立保护中间法益为标准,可以将预备行为实行化区分为法益前置型与提前处罚型两类,其中法益前置型需要充分发挥阻挡层法益的解释功能,在此基础上,再用背后层法益进行二次限缩;而提前处罚型除了要判断预备行为对法益的抽象危险,还需要审查其与后续实行行为的关联性,以此来明确处罚范围。
The criminalization of preparatory acts constitutes a significant legislative technique employed by legislators to advance the scope of criminal punishment.Currently,academic discourse exhibits considerable confusion regarding the definition of the scope of preparatory acts,alongside a trend towards overly broad interpretation,which warrants critical re-examination.To rationally define its boundaries,it is necessary to thoroughly examine the legislative purpose.The criminalization of preparatory acts embodies a preventive criminal law philosophy,emphasizing the risk that preparatory acts pose of instigating subsequent offenses.By adopting this legislative model,legislators can fill in the gaps in punishment and relieve the prosecution's burden of proof.Consequently,many criminal charges are merely conform to the characteristics of substantive preparatory acts and should be excluded.Using the independent protection of an intermediate legal interest as a criterion,the criminalization of preparatory acts can be categorized into two types:advance protection of legal interests and early punishment.For the advance protection type,the interpretative function of the barrier-layer legal interest must be fully utilized,and then the back-layer legal interest should be used for secondary limitation.For the early punishment type,beyond assessing the abstract risk posed by the preparatory act to the legal interest,it is also necessary to examine its connection to the subsequent act of execution,thereby clarifying the scope of punishment.
出处
《中外法学》
北大核心
2025年第6期1520-1538,共19页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“法定犯时代下行刑衔接的实体问题研究”(项目编号:2023SJZD002)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
实质预备犯
法益前置
提前处罚
抽象危险
持有犯
Substantive Preparatory Offenders
Advance Protection of Legal Interests
Early Punishment
Abstract Risk
Possession Offenders
