摘要
以2025年诺贝尔经济学奖为契机,系统梳理熊彼特增长理论(Schumpeterian Growth Theory)中“创造性破坏”(Creative Destruction)机制的历史演进、理论内核与现实情境,结合中国改革开放以来经济增长的成功实践,探究其在中国经济转型中的制度化路径与本土化表达,提出“制度重构、市场演化、创新驱动”三维协同框架。进而,将“破坏性创新”(Disruptive Innovation)作为“创造性破坏”的微观机制,选取比亚迪、拼多多与TikTok的典型案例,展现中国企业依托技术突破与商业模式重构实现“跟跑—并跑—领跑”系统性赶超的成功经验。研究以“创造性破坏”为切口,以“破坏性创新”为机制,探索在全球科技变革、产业升级与大国竞争的新形势、新阶段、新背景下,实现我国经济高质量发展与可持续增长的核心逻辑与路径。
Taking the awarding of the 2025 Nobel Prize in economics by Joel Mokyr,Philippe Aghion,and Peter Howitt as an important starting point,this study systematically explores the historical evolution,theoretical core,and contemporary relevance of the"creative destruction"mechanism in Schumpeterian growth theory.Against the backdrop of a new global context characterized by rapid scientific and technological transformation,industrial upgrading,and great-power competition,this study aims to address the central question:how can China achieve high-quality and sustainable economic growth through"destructive innovation"in the new development stage?At the theoretical level,this study traces the paradigm evolution of growth economics:from Joseph Schumpeter's concepts of"Innovation-driven Growth"and"Creative Destruction",to Robert Solow's exogenous growth theory,Paul Romer and Robert Lucas's endogenous growth theory,and further to the modern Schumpeterian growth model constructed by Aghion and Howitt which incorporates"Creative Destruction"into a general equilibrium framework.Mokyr's"Institutionalization of Knowledge"supplements the institutional prerequisites for its operation.The core contribution of this study lies in clarifying the hierarchical relationship between"Creative Destruction"at the macro-economic level and"Disruptive Innovation"at the micro market level.As the concretization of the former,the latter explains how latecomer enterprises break the competitive advantages of incumbents through low-end market penetration,new market development,or technological subversion,thereby promoting industrial and economic upgrading.At the practical level of China's economy,the evolution of"Creative Destruction"is divided into three stages:(1)The embryonic stage(1978—2001):It provided space for disrupting the old system through institutional deregulation,and relied on the"Disruptive Innovation"of microeconomic agents such as farmers and township and village enterprises to facilitate the materialization of a new equilibrium.(2)The acceleration stage(2002—2011):Driven by the dual engines of"Factors and Innovation",China integrated into the global value chain to absorb and re-innovate technologies,breaking the monopoly of foreign capital in the manufacturing sector.(3)The deepening stage(2012—present):A framework of"proactive government,efficient market,and innovation ecosystem"has been formed.The"Destruction"involves the elimination of backward production capacity and the digital transformation of traditional industries,while the"Creation"focuses on disruptive technological innovation,the cultivation of emerging industries,and the construction of an innovation ecosystem.Empirical cases illustrate the micro-level mechanisms:BYD achieved a high-end breakthrough in manufacturing through"technological iteration",catalyzing the automotive industry's shift from foreign dominance to indigenous control;Pinduoduo(PDD)unlocked demand in underserved markets via"low-end market penetration",contributing to the balanced development of a unified national market;and TikTok exported digital ecosystems through"overseas market creation,"reshaping the global digital services landscape.This study makes the following contributions:it constructs a three-dimensional collaborative framework of"institutional reconstruction,market evolution,and innovation-driven growth",clarifies the theoretical linkage between microand macro-level dynamics,and validates its applicability in the Chinese context through cross-sectoral case studies.Looking ahead,technology-driven development,upgraded globalization,green transformation,and the integration of the digital and real economies will shape the future trajectory of creative destruction.Policy efforts should prioritize core technology R&D,social cost mitigation,talent incentives,intellectual property protection,and international cooperation.China's economic miracle is fundamentally the outcome of evolving"creative destruction"and invigorated"disruptive innovation",offering practical insights and"Chinese wisdom"to other latecomer nations.
作者
曲冠楠
陈劲
武建龙
李欢欢
Qu Guannan;Chen Jin;Wu Jianlong;Li Huanhuan(School of Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Economics and Management,Harbin University of Technology,Harbin 150080,China;Harbin Institute of Finance,Harbin 150030,China;Research Center for Technological Innovation,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《科技进步与对策》
北大核心
2025年第24期1-11,共11页
Science & Technology Progress and Policy
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72374189)
北京市社会科学基金决策咨询重点项目(24JCB018)。
关键词
创造性破坏
破坏性创新
中国经济增长
颠覆性技术创新
Creative Destruction
Disruptive Innovation
China's Economic Growth
Disruptive Technovation
